Muwatta Imam Malik — Divorce

Malik said, "This is what is done among us." Malik added, "If she does not have a menstrual period, her idda is three months

وحدثني مالك، عن يحيى بن سعيد، عن القاسم بن محمد، انه كان يقول عدة ام الولد اذا توفي عنها سيدها حيضة . قال مالك وهو الامر عندنا . قال مالك وان لم تكن ممن تحيض فعدتها ثلاثة اشهر

Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Said ibn al-Musayyab and Sulayman ibn Yasar said, "The idda of a slave-girl when her husband dies is two months and five days

حدثني يحيى، عن مالك، انه بلغه ان سعيد بن المسيب، وسليمان بن يسار، كانا يقولان عدة الامة اذا هلك عنها زوجها شهران وخمس ليال

Yahya related to me the like of that from Malik from Ibn Shihab. Malik said, about a slave who divorced a slave-girl but did not make it absolute, "He can return to her. If he then dies while she is still in the idda from her divorce, she does the idda of a slave- girl whose husband dies, and it is two months and five days. If she has been set free and he can return to her, and she does not choose to separate after she has been set free, and he dies while she is in the idda from the divorce, she does the idda of a free woman whose husband has died, four months and ten days. That is because the idda of widowhood befell her while she was free, so her idda is the idda of a free woman." Malik said, "That is what is done among us

وحدثني عن مالك، عن ابن شهاب، مثل ذلك . قال مالك في العبد يطلق الامة طلاقا لم يبتها فيه له عليها فيه الرجعة ثم يموت وهي في عدتها من طلاقه انها تعتد عدة الامة المتوفى عنها زوجها شهرين وخمس ليال وانها ان عتقت وله عليها رجعة ثم لم تختر فراقه بعد العتق حتى يموت وهي في عدتها من طلاقه اعتدت عدة الحرة المتوفى عنها زوجها اربعة اشهر وعشرا وذلك انها انما وقعت عليها عدة الوفاة بعد ما عتقت فعدتها عدة الحرة . قال مالك وهذا الامر عندنا

Yahya related to me from Malik from Rabia ibn Abi Abd ar-Rahman from Muhammad ibn Yahya ibn Habban that Ibn Muhayriz said, "I went into the mosque and saw Abu Said al-Khudri and so I sat by him and asked him about coitus interruptus. Abu Said al-Khudri said, 'We went out with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, on the expedition to the Banu al-Mustaliq. We took some Arabs prisoner, and we desired the women as celibacy was hard for us. We wanted the ransom, so we wanted to practise coitus interruptus. We said, 'Shall we practise coitus interruptus while the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, is among us before we ask him?' We asked him about that and he said, 'You don't have to not do it. There is no self which is to come into existence up to the Day of Rising but that it will come into existence

حدثني يحيى، عن مالك، عن ربيعة بن ابي عبد الرحمن، عن محمد بن يحيى بن حبان، عن ابن محيريز، انه قال دخلت المسجد فرايت ابا سعيد الخدري فجلست اليه فسالته عن العزل، فقال ابو سعيد الخدري خرجنا مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في غزوة بني المصطلق فاصبنا سبيا من سبى العرب فاشتهينا النساء واشتدت علينا العزبة واحببنا الفداء فاردنا ان نعزل فقلنا نعزل ورسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بين اظهرنا قبل ان نساله . فسالناه عن ذلك فقال " ما عليكم ان لا تفعلوا ما من نسمة كاينة الى يوم القيامة الا وهي كاينة

Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu'n-Nadr, the mawla of Umar ibn Ubaydullah from Amir ibn Sad ibn Abi Waqqas from his father that he used to practise coitus interruptus

وحدثني عن مالك، عن ابي النضر، مولى عمر بن عبيد الله عن عامر بن سعد بن ابي وقاص، عن ابيه، انه كان يعزل

Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu'n-Nadr, the mawla of Umar ibn Ubaydullah from Ibn Aflah, the mawla of Abu Ayyub al-Ansari from an umm walad of Abu Ayyubal-Ansari that he practised coitus interruptus

وحدثني عن مالك، عن ابي النضر، مولى عمر بن عبيد الله عن ابن افلح، مولى ابي ايوب الانصاري عن ام ولد، لابي ايوب الانصاري انه كان يعزل

Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Abdullah ibn Umar did not practise coitus interruptus and thought that it was disapproved

وحدثني عن مالك، عن نافع، عن عبد الله بن عمر، انه كان لا يعزل وكان يكره العزل

Yahya related to me from Malik from Damra ibn Said al-Mazini from al-Hajjaj ibn Amr ibn Ghaziya that he was sitting with Zayd ibn Thabit when Ibn Fahd came to him. He was from the Yemen. He said, "Abu Said! I have slave-girls. None of the wives in my keep are more pleasing to me than them, and not all of them please me so much that I want a child by them, shall I then practise coitus interruptus?" Zayd ibn Thabit said, "Give an opinion, Hajjaj!" "I said, 'May Allah forgive you! We sit with you in order to learn from you!' He said, 'Give an opinion! 'I said, 'She is your field, if you wish, water it, and if you wish, leave it thirsty. I heard that from Zayd.' Zayd said, 'He has spoken the truth

وحدثني عن مالك، عن ضمرة بن سعيد المازني، عن الحجاج بن عمرو بن غزية، انه كان جالسا عند زيد بن ثابت فجاءه ابن قهد - رجل من اهل اليمن - فقال يا ابا سعيد ان عندي جواري لي ليس نسايي اللاتي اكن باعجب الى منهن وليس كلهن يعجبني ان تحمل مني افاعزل فقال زيد بن ثابت افته يا حجاج . قال فقلت يغفر الله لك انما نجلس عندك لنتعلم منك . قال افته . قال فقلت هو حرثك ان شيت سقيته وان شيت اعطشته . قال وكنت اسمع ذلك من زيد فقال زيد صدق

Yahya related to me from Malik from Humayd ibn Qays al-Makki that a man called Dhafif said that Ibn Abbas was asked about coitus interruptus. He called a slave-girl of his and said, "Tell them." She was embarrassed. He said, "It is alright, and I do it myself." Malik said, "A man does not practise coitus interruptus with a free woman unless she gives her permission. There is no harm in practising coitus interruptus with a slave-girl without her permission. Someone who has someone else's slave-girl as a wife, does not practise coitus interruptus with her unless her people give him permission

وحدثني عن مالك، عن حميد بن قيس المكي، عن رجل، يقال له ذفيف انه قال سيل ابن عباس عن العزل فدعا جارية له فقال اخبريهم . فكانها استحيت . فقال هو ذلك اما انا فافعله . يعني انه يعزل . قال مالك لا يعزل الرجل عن المراة الحرة الا باذنها ولا باس ان يعزل عن امته بغير اذنها ومن كانت تحته امة قوم فلا يعزل الا باذنهم

Yahya related to me from Malik from Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr ibn Muhammad ibn Amr ibn Hazm from Humayd ibn Nafi that Zaynab bint Abi Salama related these three traditions to him. Zaynab said, "I visited Umm Habiba, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, when her father Abu Sufyan ibn Harb had died. Umm Habiba called for a yellowy perfume perhaps khaluq or something else. She rubbed the perfume first on a slave-girl and she then wiped it on the sides of her face and said, 'By Allah! I have no need of perfume but I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, 'It is not halal for a woman who trusts in Allah and the Last Day to abstain from adornment in mourning for someone who has died, for more than three nights, except for four months and ten days for a husband

حدثني يحيى، عن مالك، عن عبد الله بن ابي بكر بن محمد بن عمرو بن حزم، عن حميد بن نافع، عن زينب بنت ابي سلمة، انها اخبرته هذه الاحاديث الثلاثة، قالت زينب دخلت على ام حبيبة زوج النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم حين توفي ابوها ابو سفيان بن حرب فدعت ام حبيبة بطيب فيه صفرة خلوق او غيره فدهنت به جارية ثم مسحت بعارضيها ثم قالت والله ما لي بالطيب من حاجة غير اني سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول " لا يحل لامراة تومن بالله واليوم الاخر ان تحد على ميت فوق ثلاث ليال الا على زوج اربعة اشهر وعشرا

Zaynab said, "I went to the house of Zaynab bint Jahsh, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, when her brother had died. She called for perfume and put some on and said, 'By Allah! I have no need of perfume, but I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, 'It is not halal for a woman who trusts in Allah and the Last Day to abstain from adornment in mourning for someone who has died for more than three nights, except for four months and ten days for a husband

قالت زينب ثم دخلت على زينب بنت جحش زوج النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم حين توفي اخوها فدعت بطيب فمست منه ثم قالت والله ما لي بالطيب حاجة غير اني سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول " لا يحل لامراة تومن بالله واليوم الاخر تحد على ميت فوق ثلاث ليال الا على زوج اربعة اشهر وعشرا

Zaynab said, "I heard my mother, Umm Salama, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say that a woman came to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and said, 'Messenger of Allah! My daughter's husband died, and her eyes are troubling her, can she put kohl on them?' The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'No' two or three times. Then he said, 'It is only four months and ten days. In the Jahiliyya, none of you threw away the piece of dung until a year had passed.' " Humayd ibn Nafi said, "I asked Zaynab to explain what 'throwing away the piece of dung at the end of a year' meant. Zaynab said, 'In the Jahiliyya when a woman's husband died, she went into a small tent and dressed in the worst of clothes. She did not touch perfume or anything until a year had passed. Then she was brought an animal - a donkey, a sheep, or a bird, and she would break her idda with it, by rubbing her body against it (taftaddu). Rarely did she break her idda with anything (by rubbing herself against it) but that it died. Then she would come out and would be given a piece of dung. She would throw it away and then return to whatever she wished of perfumes or whatever.' " Malik explained, 'Taftaddu' means to wipe her skin with it in the same way as with a healing charm

قالت زينب وسمعت امي ام سلمة، زوج النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم تقول جاءت امراة الى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقالت يا رسول الله ان ابنتي توفي عنها زوجها وقد اشتكت عينيها افتكحلهما فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم " لا " . مرتين او ثلاثا كل ذلك يقول " لا " ثم قال " انما هي اربعة اشهر وعشرا وقد كانت احداكن في الجاهلية ترمي بالبعرة على راس الحول " . قال حميد بن نافع فقلت لزينب وما ترمي بالبعرة على راس الحول فقالت زينب كانت المراة اذا توفي عنها زوجها دخلت حفشا ولبست شر ثيابها ولم تمس طيبا ولا شييا حتى تمر بها سنة ثم توتى بدابة حمار او شاة او طير فتفتض به فقلما تفتض بشىء الا مات ثم تخرج فتعطى بعرة فترمي بها ثم تراجع بعد ما شاءت من طيب او غيره

Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi from Safiyya bint Abi Ubayd from A'isha and Hafsa, the wives of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "It is not halal for a woman in mourning for someone who has died, if she trusts in Allah and the Last Day, to abstain from adornment for more than three nights, except for a husband

وحدثني عن مالك، عن نافع، عن صفية بنت ابي عبيد، عن عايشة، وحفصة، زوجى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال " لا يحل لامراة تومن

Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Umm Salama, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to a woman in mourning for her husband whose eyes were troubling her and the pain had become very strong, "Apply jala kohl at night and wipe it off in the day

وحدثني عن مالك، انه بلغه ان ام سلمة، زوج النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قالت لامراة حاد على زوجها اشتكت عينيها فبلغ ذلك منها اكتحلي بكحل الجلاء بالليل وامسحيه بالنهار

Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Salim ibn Abdullah and Sulayman ibn Yasar said that if a woman whose husband had died feared that an inflammation of her eyes might affect her sight or that some complaint might befall her, she should put kohl on and seek a remedy with kohl or some other cure even if it had perfume in it. Malik said, "If there is a necessity, the deen of Allah is ease

وحدثني عن مالك، انه بلغه عن سالم بن عبد الله، وسليمان بن يسار، انهما كانا يقولان في المراة يتوفى عنها زوجها انها اذا خشيت على بصرها من رمد او شكو اصابها انها تكتحل وتتداوى بدواء او كحل وان كان فيه طيب . قال مالك واذا كانت الضرورة فان دين الله يسر

Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafic that Saffiyya bint Abi Ubayd suffered from an eye-complaint while she was in mourning for her husband, Abdullah ibn Umar. She did not apply kohl until her eyes almost had ramas (a dry white secretion in the corners of the eye). Malik said, "A woman whose husband has died should anoint her eyes with olive oil and sesame oil and the like of that since there is no perfume in it." Malik said, "A woman in mourning for her husband should not put on any jewellery - rings, anklets, or such- like, neither should she dress in any sort of colourful, striped garment unless it is coarse. She should not wear any cloth dyed with anything except black, and she should only dress her hair with things like lotus-tree leaves which do not dye the hair

وحدثني عن مالك، عن نافع، ان صفية بنت ابي عبيد، اشتكت عينيها وهي حاد على زوجها عبد الله بن عمر فلم تكتحل حتى كادت عيناها ترمصان . قال مالك تدهن المتوفى عنها زوجها بالزيت والشبرق وما اشبه ذلك اذا لم يكن فيه طيب . قال مالك ولا تلبس المراة الحاد على زوجها شييا من الحلى خاتما ولا خلخالا ولا غير ذلك من الحلى ولا تلبس شييا من العصب الا ان يكون عصبا غليظا ولا تلبس ثوبا مصبوغا بشىء من الصبغ الا بالسواد ولا تمتشط الا بالسدر وما اشبهه مما لا يختمر في راسها

Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, visited Umm Salama while she was in mourning for Abu Salama and she had put aloes on her eyes. He said, "What is this, Umm Salama?" She said, "It is only aloes, Messenger of Allah." He said, "Put it on at night and wipe it off in the daytime." Malik said, "The mourning of a young girl who has not yet had a menstrual period takes the same form as the mourning of one who has had a period. She avoids what a mature woman avoids if her husband dies." Malik said, "A slave-girl mourns her husband when he dies for two months and five nights like her idda.'' Malik said, "An umm walad does not have to mourn when her master dies, and a slave-girl does not have to mourn when her master dies. Mourning is for those with husbands

وحدثني عن مالك، انه بلغه ان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم دخل على ام سلمة وهي حاد على ابي سلمة وقد جعلت على عينيها صبرا فقال " ما هذا يا ام سلمة " . فقالت انما هو صبر يا رسول الله . قال " اجعليه في الليل وامسحيه بالنهار

Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Umm Salama, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "A mourning woman can rub her head with lotus leaves and olive oil

وحدثني عن مالك، انه بلغه ان ام سلمة، زوج النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم كانت تقول تجمع الحاد راسها بالسدر والزيت