Muwatta Imam Malik — Divorce

Yahya related to me from Malik that he had asked Ibn Shihab about whether the deadline was set from the day he had married her, or from the day she raised the question before the Sultan. He said. 'It is from the day she presents it before the Sultan.' Malik said, "As for someone who has intercourse with his wife and then is prevented from intercourse with her, I have not heard that there is a deadline set for him or that they are separated

وحدثني عن مالك، انه سال ابن شهاب متى يضرب له الاجل امن يوم يبني بها ام من يوم ترافعه الى السلطان فقال بل من يوم ترافعه الى السلطان . قال مالك فاما الذي قد مس امراته ثم اعترض عنها فاني لم اسمع انه يضرب له اجل ولا يفرق بينهما

Yahya related to me from Malik that Ibn Shihab said, "I have heard that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to a man from Thaqif who had ten wives when he became muslim, 'Take four and separate from the rest

وحدثني يحيى، عن مالك، عن ابن شهاب، انه قال بلغني ان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال لرجل من ثقيف اسلم وعنده عشر نسوة حين اسلم الثقفي " امسك منهن اربعا وفارق سايرهن

Yahya related to me from Malik that Ibn Shihab said that he had heard Said ibn al-Musayyab, Humayd ibn Abd ar-Rahman ibn Awf, Ubaydullah ibn Abdullah ibn Utba ibn Masud, and Sulayman ibn Yasarall say, that they had heard Abu Hurayra say that he had heard Umar ibn al-Khattab say, "If a woman is divorced by her husband once or twice, and he leaves her until she is free to marry and she marries another husband and he dies or divorces her, and then she marries her first husband, she is with him according to what remains of her divorce." Malik said, "That is what is done among us and there is no dispute about it

وحدثني عن مالك، عن ابن شهاب، انه قال سمعت سعيد بن المسيب، وحميد بن عبد الرحمن بن عوف، وعبيد الله بن عبد الله بن عتبة بن مسعود، وسليمان بن يسار، كلهم يقول سمعت ابا هريرة، يقول سمعت عمر بن الخطاب، يقول ايما امراة طلقها زوجها تطليقة او تطليقتين ثم تركها حتى تحل وتنكح زوجا غيره فيموت عنها او يطلقها ثم ينكحها زوجها الاول فانها تكون عنده على ما بقي من طلاقها . قال مالك وعلى ذلك السنة عندنا التي لا اختلاف فيها

Yahya related to me from Malik from Thabit ibn al-Ahnaf that he married an umm walad of Abd ar-Rahman ibn Zayd ibn al-Khattab. He said, "Abdullah ibn Abd ar-Rahman ibn Zayd ibn al-Khattab summoned me and I went to him. I came in upon him and there were whips and two iron fetters placed there, and two of his slaves whom he had made to sit there. He said, 'Divorce her, or by He by whom one swears, I will do such-and-such to you!' I said, 'It is divorce a thousand times.' Then I left him and I saw Abdullah ibn Umar on the road to Makka and I told him about my situation. Abdullah ibn Umar was furious, and said, 'That is not divorce, and she is not haram for you, so return to your home.' I was still not at ease so I went to Abdullah ibn az-Zubayr who was the Amir of Makka at that time. I told him about my situation and what Abdullah ibn Umar had said to me. Abdullah ibn az-Zubayr said to me, 'She is not haram for you, so return to your home,' and he wrote to Jabir ibn al-Aswad az-Zuhra who was the Amir of Madina and ordered him to punish Abdullah ibn Abdar-Rahman and to have him leave me and my family alone. I went to Madina, and Safiyya, the wife of Abdullah ibn Umar fitted out my wife so that she could bring her to my house with the knowledge of Abdullah ibn Umar. Then I invited Abdullah ibn Umar on the day of my wedding to the wedding feast and he came

وحدثني عن مالك، عن ثابت بن الاحنف، انه تزوج ام ولد لعبد الرحمن بن زيد بن الخطاب - قال - فدعاني عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن بن زيد بن الخطاب فجيته فدخلت عليه فاذا سياط موضوعة واذا قيدان من حديد وعبدان له قد اجلسهما فقال طلقها والا والذي يحلف به فعلت بك كذا وكذا . قال فقلت هي الطلاق الفا . قال فخرجت من عنده فادركت عبد الله بن عمر بطريق مكة فاخبرته بالذي كان من شاني فتغيظ عبد الله وقال ليس ذلك بطلاق وانها لم تحرم عليك فارجع الى اهلك . قال فلم تقررني نفسي حتى اتيت عبد الله بن الزبير - وهو يوميذ بمكة امير عليها - فاخبرته بالذي كان من شاني وبالذي قال لي عبد الله بن عمر قال فقال لي عبد الله بن الزبير لم تحرم عليك فارجع الى اهلك . وكتب الى جابر بن الاسود الزهري - وهو امير المدينة - يامره ان يعاقب عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن وان يخلي بيني وبين اهلي - قال - فقدمت المدينة فجهزت صفية امراة عبد الله بن عمر امراتي حتى ادخلتها على بعلم عبد الله بن عمر ثم دعوت عبد الله بن عمر يوم عرسي لوليمتي فجاءني

Yahya related to me from Malik that Abdullah ibn Dinar said, "I heard Abdullah ibn Umar recite from the Qur'an, 'Prophet! When you divorce women, divorce them at the beginning of their idda.'" Malik said, "He meant by that, to make one pronouncement of divorce at the beginning of each period of purity

وحدثني عن مالك، عن عبد الله بن دينار، انه قال سمعت عبد الله بن عمر، قرا {يا ايها النبي اذا طلقتم النساء فطلقوهن} لقبل عدتهن . قال مالك يعني بذلك ان يطلق في كل طهر مرة

Yahya related to me from Malik from Hisham ibn Urwa that his father said, "It used to be that a man would divorce his wife and then return to her before her idda was over, and that was alright, even if he divorced her a thousand times. The man went to his wife and then divorced her and when the end of her idda was in sight, he took her back and then divorced her and said, 'No! By Allah, I will not go to you and you will never be able to marry again.' Allah, the Blessed, the Exalted, sent down, 'Divorce is twice, then honourable retention or setting free kindly.' People then turned towards divorce in a new light from that day whether or not they were divorced or not divorced

وحدثني عن مالك، عن هشام بن عروة، عن ابيه، انه قال كان الرجل اذا طلق امراته ثم ارتجعها قبل ان تنقضي عدتها كان ذلك له وان طلقها الف مرة فعمد رجل الى امراته فطلقها حتى اذا شارفت انقضاء عدتها راجعها ثم طلقها ثم قال لا والله لا اويك الى ولا تحلين ابدا . فانزل الله تبارك وتعالى {الطلاق مرتان فامساك بمعروف او تسريح باحسان} فاستقبل الناس الطلاق جديدا من يوميذ من كان طلق منهم او لم يطلق

Yahya related to me from Malik from Thawr ibn Zayd ad-Dili that Allah, the Blessed, the Exalted, sent down about a man who divorced his wife and then returned to her while he had no need of her and did not mean to keep her so as to make the idda period long for her by that in order to do her harm, "Do not retain them by force, to transgress. Whoever does that has wronged himself." (Sura 2 ayat 231). Allah warns them by that ayat

وحدثني عن مالك، عن ثور بن زيد الديلي، ان الرجل، كان يطلق امراته ثم يراجعها ولا حاجة له بها ولا يريد امساكها كيما يطول بذلك عليها العدة ليضارها فانزل الله تبارك وتعالى {ولا تمسكوهن ضرارا لتعتدوا ومن يفعل ذلك فقد ظلم نفسه} يعظهم الله بذلك

Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Said ibn al-Musayyab and Sulayman ibn Yasar were asked about a man who divorced when he was drunk. They said, "When a drunk man divorces, his divorce is allowed. If he kills, he is killed for it." Malik said, "That is what is done among us

وحدثني عن مالك، انه بلغه ان سعيد بن المسيب، وسليمان بن يسار، سيلا عن طلاق السكران، فقالا اذا طلق السكران جاز طلاقه وان قتل قتل به . قال مالك وعلى ذلك الامر عندنا

Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Said ibn al-Musayyab said, "If a man does not find the means to spend on his wife, they are to be separated . " Malik said, "That is what I saw the people of knowledge in our city doing." 29.30 Idda of Widows when Pregnant

وحدثني عن مالك، انه بلغه ان سعيد بن المسيب، كان يقول اذا لم يجد الرجل ما ينفق على امراته فرق بينهما . قال مالك وعلى ذلك ادركت اهل العلم ببلدنا

Yahya related to me from Malik from Abdu Rabbih ibn Said ibn Qays that Abu Salama ibn Abd ar-Rahman said that Abdullah ibn Abbas and Abu Hurayra were asked when a pregnant woman whose husband had died could remarry. Ibn Abbas said, "At the end of two periods." Abu Hurayra said, "When she gives birth, she is free to marry." Abu Salama ibn Abd ar-Rahman visited Umm Salama, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and asked her about it Umm Salama said, ''Subaya al-Aslamiya gave birth half a month after the death of her husband, and two men asked to marry her. One was young and the other was old. She preferred the young man and so the older man said, 'You are not free to marry yet.' Her family were away and he hoped that when her family came, they would give her to him. She went to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and he said, 'You are free to marry, so marry whomever you wish

حدثني يحيى، عن مالك، عن عبد ربه بن سعيد بن قيس، عن ابي سلمة بن عبد الرحمن، انه قال سيل عبد الله بن عباس وابو هريرة عن المراة الحامل يتوفى عنها زوجها فقال ابن عباس اخر الاجلين . وقال ابو هريرة اذا ولدت فقد حلت . فدخل ابو سلمة بن عبد الرحمن على ام سلمة زوج النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فسالها عن ذلك فقالت ام سلمة ولدت سبيعة الاسلمية بعد وفاة زوجها بنصف شهر فخطبها رجلان احدهما شاب والاخر كهل فحطت الى الشاب فقال الشيخ لم تحلي بعد . وكان اهلها غيبا ورجا اذا جاء اهلها ان يوثروه بها فجاءت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال " قد حللت فانكحي من شيت

Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Abdullah ibn Umar was asked about a woman whose husband died while she was pregnant, and he said, "When she gives birth, she is free to marry." A man of the Ansar who was with him told him that Umar ibn al-Khattab had said, "Had she given birth while her husband was still on his bed, unburied, she would be free to marry

وحدثني عن مالك، عن نافع، عن عبد الله بن عمر، انه سيل عن المراة، يتوفى عنها زوجها وهي حامل فقال عبد الله بن عمر اذا وضعت حملها فقد حلت . فاخبره رجل من الانصار كان عنده ان عمر بن الخطاب قال لو وضعت وزوجها على سريره لم يدفن بعد لحلت

Yahya related to me from Malik from Hisham ibn 'Urwa from his father that al-Miswar ibn Makhrama told him that Subaya al-Aslamiya gave birth a few nights after the death of her husband. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to her, "You are free to marry, so marry whomever you wish

وحدثني عن مالك، عن هشام بن عروة، عن ابيه، عن المسور بن مخرمة، انه اخبره ان سبيعة الاسلمية نفست بعد وفاة زوجها بليال فقال لها رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم " قد حللت فانكحي من شيت

Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said from Sulayman ibn Yasar that Abdullah ibn Abbas and Abu Salama ibn Abd ar-Rahman ibn Awf differed on the question of a wornan who gave birth a few nights after the death of her husband. Abu Salama said, "When she gives birth to the child she is carrying, she is free to marry." Ibn Abbas said, "At the end of two periods." Abu Hurayra came and said, "I am with my nephew", meaning Abu Salama. They sent Kurayb, a mawla of Abdullah ibn Abbas to Umm Salama, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, to ask her about it. He came back and told them that she had said that Subaya al-Aslamiya had given birth a few nights after the death of her husband, and she had brought the matter to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and he had said, "You are free to marry, so marry whomever you wish." Malik said, "This is how the people of knowledge here continue to act." 29.31 Widows Remaining in Their Houses until Free to Marry

وحدثني عن مالك، عن يحيى بن سعيد، عن سليمان بن يسار، ان عبد الله بن عباس، وابا، سلمة بن عبد الرحمن بن عوف اختلفا في المراة تنفس بعد وفاة زوجها بليال فقال ابو سلمة اذا وضعت ما في بطنها فقد حلت . وقال ابن عباس اخر الاجلين . فجاء ابو هريرة فقال انا مع ابن اخي . يعني ابا سلمة فبعثوا كريبا مولى عبد الله بن عباس الى ام سلمة زوج النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم يسالها عن ذلك فجاءهم فاخبرهم انها قالت ولدت سبيعة الاسلمية بعد وفاة زوجها بليال فذكرت ذلك لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال " قد حللت فانكحي من شيت

Yahya related to me from Malik from Said ibn Ishaq ibn Kab ibn Ujra from his paternal aunt, Zaynab bint Kab ibn Ujra that al-Furaya bint Malik ibn Sinan, the sister of Abu Said al-Khudri, informed her that she went to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and asked to be able to return to her people among the Banu Khudra since her husband had gone out in search of some of his slaves who had run away and he had caught up with them near al-Qudum, (which is 6 miles from Madina), and they had killed him. She said, "I asked the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, if I could return to my people in the Banu Khudra, as my husband had not left me in a dwelling which belonged to him, and had left me no maintenance. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said,'Yes.' So I left. When I was in the courtyard, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, called me or summoned me, and I answered him. He said, 'What did you say?' I repeated the story about my husband. He said, 'Stay in your house until what is written reaches its term.' I did the idda in the house for four months and ten days." She added, "When Uthman ibn Affan sent for me, I told him that, and he followed it and made decisions by it

حدثني يحيى، عن مالك، عن سعيد بن اسحاق بن كعب بن عجرة، عن عمته، زينب بنت كعب بن عجرة ان الفريعة بنت مالك بن سنان، - وهي اخت ابي سعيد الخدري - اخبرتها انها، جاءت الى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم تساله ان ترجع الى اهلها في بني خدرة فان زوجها خرج في طلب اعبد له ابقوا حتى اذا كانوا بطرف القدوم لحقهم فقتلوه . قالت فسالت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ان ارجع الى اهلي في بني خدرة فان زوجي لم يتركني في مسكن يملكه ولا نفقة . قالت فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم " نعم " . قالت فانصرفت حتى اذا كنت في الحجرة ناداني رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم او امر بي فنوديت له فقال " كيف قلت " . فرددت عليه القصة التي ذكرت له من شان زوجي فقال " امكثي في بيتك حتى يبلغ الكتاب اجله " . قالت فاعتددت فيه اربعة اشهر وعشرا - قالت - فلما كان عثمان بن عفان ارسل الى فسالني عن ذلك فاخبرته فاتبعه وقضى به

Yahya related to me from Malik from Humayd ibn Qays al-Makki from Amr ibn Shuayb from Said ibn al-Musayyab that Umar ibn al-Khattab sent back widows from the desert and prevented them from doing the hajj

وحدثني عن مالك، عن حميد بن قيس المكي، عن عمرو بن شعيب، عن سعيد بن المسيب، . ان عمر بن الخطاب، كان يرد المتوفى عنهن ازواجهن من البيداء يمنعهن الحج

Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Saqd that he had heard that as-Sa'ib ibn Khabbab died, and his wife went to Abdullah ibn Umar and mentioned to him that her husband had died and mentioned some land which they had at Qanah, (a district on the outskirts of Madina), and asked him if it would be alright for her to stay overnight there. He forbade her to do so. So, she went out before dawn from Madina and spent the whole day on their land, but when evening came, she spent the night in her house

وحدثني عن مالك، عن يحيى بن سعيد، انه بلغه ان السايب بن خباب، توفي وان امراته جاءت الى عبد الله بن عمر فذكرت له وفاة زوجها وذكرت له حرثا لهم بقناة وسالته هل يصلح لها ان تبيت فيه فنهاها عن ذلك فكانت تخرج من المدينة سحرا فتصبح في حرثهم فتظل فيه يومها ثم تدخل المدينة اذا امست فتبيت في بيتها

Yahya related to me from Malik that Hisham ibn Urwa said about a Bedouin woman whose husband died, that she was to stay where her people stayed. Malik said, "This is what is done among us

وحدثني عن مالك، عن هشام بن عروة، عن ابيه، انه كان يقول في المراة البدوية يتوفى عنها زوجها انها تنتوي حيث انتوى اهلها . قال مالك وهذا الامر عندنا

Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Abdullan ibn Umar said, "The only place a woman whose husband has died and a woman who is absolutely divorced can spend the night is in their houses

وحدثني عن مالك، عن نافع، عن عبد الله بن عمر، انه كان يقول لا تبيت المتوفى عنها زوجها ولا المبتوتة الا في بيتها

Yahya related to me from Malik that Yahya ibn Said said that he had heard al-Qasim ibn Muhammad say that Zayd ibn Abd al-Malik separated some men and their wives who were slave-girls who had borne children to men who had died, because they had married them after one or two menstrual periods. He separated them until they had done an idda of four months and ten days. Al-Qasim ibn Muhammad said, "Glory be to Allah! Allah says in His Book, 'Those of you who die, leaving wives, they are not wives

حدثني يحيى، عن مالك، عن يحيى بن سعيد، انه قال سمعت القاسم بن محمد، يقول ان يزيد بن عبد الملك فرق بين رجال وبين نسايهم وكن امهات اولاد رجال هلكوا فتزوجوهن بعد حيضة او حيضتين ففرق بينهم حتى يعتدون اربعة اشهر وعشرا . فقال القاسم بن محمد سبحان الله يقول الله في كتابه {والذين يتوفون منكم ويذرون ازواجا} ما هن من الازواج

Malik related to me from Nafi that Abdullah ibn Umar said, "The idda of an umm walad when her master dies is one menstrual period

وحدثني عن مالك، عن نافع، عن عبد الله بن عمر، انه قال عدة ام الولد اذا توفي عنها سيدها حيضة