Muwatta Imam Malik — Divorce

Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi and Zayd ibn Aslam from Sulayman ibn Yasar that al-Ahwas died in Syria when his wife had begun her third menstrual period after he had divorced her. Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan wrote and asked Zayd ibn Thabit about that. Zayd wrote to him, "When she began her third period, she was free from him and he was free from her, and he does not inherit from her nor she from him

وحدثني عن مالك، عن نافع، وزيد بن اسلم، عن سليمان بن يسار، ان الاحوص، هلك بالشام حين دخلت امراته في الدم من الحيضة الثالثة وقد كان طلقها فكتب معاوية بن ابي سفيان الى زيد بن ثابت يساله عن ذلك فكتب اليه زيد انها اذا دخلت في الدم من الحيضة الثالثة فقد بريت منه وبري منها ولا ترثه ولا يرثها

Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Abu Bakr ibn Abd ar-Rahman and Sulayman ibn Yasar and Ibn Shihab used to say, "When the divorced woman enters the beginning of her third period, she is clearly separated from her husband and there is no inheritance between them and he has no access to her

وحدثني عن مالك، انه بلغه عن القاسم بن محمد، وسالم بن عبد الله، وابي، بكر بن عبد الرحمن وسليمان بن يسار وابن شهاب انهم كانوا يقولون اذا دخلت المطلقة في الدم من الحيضة الثالثة فقد بانت من زوجها ولا ميراث بينهما ولا رجعة له عليها

Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Abdullah ibn Umar said, "When a man divorces his wife and she begins her third period, she is free from him and he is free from her." Malik said, "This is how things are done among us

وحدثني عن مالك، عن نافع، عن عبد الله بن عمر، انه كان يقول اذا طلق الرجل امراته فدخلت في الدم من الحيضة الثالثة فقد بريت منه وبري منها . قال مالك وهو الامر عندنا

Yahya related to me from Malik from al-Fudayl ibn Abi Abdullah, the mawla of al-Mahri that al-Qasim ibn Muhammad and Salim ibn Abdullah said, "When a woman is divorced and begins her third period, she is clearly separated from him and is free to marry again

وحدثني عن مالك، عن الفضيل بن ابي عبد الله، مولى المهري ان القاسم بن محمد، وسالم بن عبد الله، كانا يقولان اذا طلقت المراة فدخلت في الدم من الحيضة الثالثة فقد بانت منه وحلت

Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Said ibn al-Musayyab and Ibn Shihab and Sulayman ibn Yasar all said, "The idda of the woman with a khul divorce is three periods

وحدثني عن مالك، انه بلغه عن سعيد بن المسيب، وابن، شهاب وسليمان بن يسار انهم كانوا يقولون عدة المختلعة ثلاثة قروء

Yahya related to me from Malik that he heard Ibn Shihab say, "The idda of the divorced woman is reckoned by the menstrual cycles even if she is estranged ." (The reason the idda is normally reckoned by the menstrual cycle is to see whether the woman is pregnant or not)

وحدثني عن مالك، انه سمع ابن شهاب، يقول عدة المطلقة الاقراء وان تباعدت

Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said from a man of the Ansar that his wife asked him for a divorce, and he said to her, "When you have had your period, then tell me." When she had her period, she told him. He said, "When you are purified then tell me." When she was purified, she told him and he divorced her. Malik said, "This is the best of what I have heard about it

وحدثني عن مالك، عن يحيى بن سعيد، عن رجل، من الانصار ان امراته، سالته الطلاق فقال لها اذا حضت فاذنيني . فلما حاضت اذنته فقال اذا طهرت فاذنيني فلما

Yahya related to me from Malik thal Yahya ibn Said heard al-Qasim ibn Muhammad and Sulayman ibn Yasar both mention that Yahya ibn Said ibn al-As divorced the daughter of Abd ar-Rahman ibn al-Hakam irrevocably, so Abd ar-Rahman ibn al-Hakam took her away A'isha umm al-muminin sent to Marwan ibn al-Hakam who was the Amir of al-Madina at that time. She said, "Fear Allah and make him return the woman to her house." Marwan said in what Sulayman related, ''Abd ar-Rahman has the upper hand over me." Marwan said in what al-Qasim related, "Hasn't the affair of Fatima bint Qays reached you?" A'isha said, "You are forced to mention the story of Fatima " Marwan said, "If you know that evil, whatever evil there was between those two is enough for you." (See hadith)

حدثنا يحيى، عن مالك، عن يحيى بن سعيد، عن القاسم بن محمد، وسليمان بن يسار، انه سمعهما يذكران، ان يحيى بن سعيد بن العاص، طلق ابنة عبد الرحمن بن الحكم البتة فانتقلها عبد الرحمن بن الحكم فارسلت عايشة ام المومنين الى مروان بن الحكم وهو يوميذ امير المدينة فقالت اتق الله واردد المراة الى بيتها . فقال مروان في حديث سليمان ان عبد الرحمن غلبني وقال مروان في حديث القاسم اوما بلغك شان فاطمة بنت قيس فقالت عايشة لا يضرك ان لا تذكر حديث فاطمة . فقال مروان ان كان بك الشر فحسبك ما بين هذين من الشر

Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that the daughter of Said ibn Zayd ibn Amr ibn Nufayl was the wife of Abdullah ibn Umar ibn Uthman ibn Affan, and he divorced her irrevocably and she moved out. Abdullah ibn Umar rebuked her for that

وحدثني عن مالك، عن نافع، ان بنت سعيد بن زيد بن عمرو بن نفيل، كانت تحت عبد الله بن عمرو بن عثمان بن عفان فطلقها البتة فانتقلت فانكر ذلك عليها عبد الله بن عمر

Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Abdullah ibn Umar divorced one of his wives in the house of Hafsa, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, while he was on the way to the mosque. He went another route from behind the houses being averse to ask permission to enter until he returned to her

وحدثني عن مالك، عن نافع، ان عبد الله بن عمر، طلق امراة له في مسكن حفصة زوج النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وكان طريقه الى المسجد فكان يسلك الطريق الاخرى من ادبار البيوت كراهية ان يستاذن عليها حتى راجعها

Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said that Said ibn al-Musayyab was asked who was obliged to pay the rent for a woman whose husband divorced her while she was in a leased house. Said ibn al-Musayyab said, "Her husband is obliged to pay it." Someone asked, "what if her husband does not have it?" He said, "Then she must pay it." Someone asked, "And if she does not have it?" He said, "Then the Amir must pay it

وحدثني عن مالك، عن يحيى بن سعيد، ان سعيد بن المسيب، سيل عن المراة، يطلقها زوجها وهي في بيت بكراء على من الكراء فقال سعيد بن المسيب على زوجها . قال فان لم يكن عند زوجها قال فعليها . قال فان لم يكن عندها قال فعلى الامير

Yahya related to me from Malik from Abdullah ibn Yazid, the mawla of al-Aswad ibn Sufyan from Abu Salama ibn Abd ar-Rahman ibn Awf from Fatima bint Qays that Abu Amr ibn Hafs divorced her absolutely while he was away in Syria. His agent sent her some barley and she was displeased with it, saying, "By Allah, I don't expect anything from you." She went to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and mentioned it to him. He said, "You have no maintenance." He then ordered her to spend her idda in the house of Umm Sharik. Then he said, "This is a woman whom my companions visit. Spend the idda in the house of Ibn Umm Maktum. He is a blind man and you can undress at his home. When you are free to remarry, tell me." She continued, "When I was free to remarry, I mentioned to him that Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan and Abu Jahm ibn Hisham had asked for me in marriage. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'As for Abu Jahm, he never puts down his stick from his shoulder (i.e. he is always travelling), and as for Muawiya he is a poor man with no property. Marry Usama ibn Zayd.' I objected to him and he said, 'Marry Usama ibn Zayd,' so I married him, and Allah put good in it and I was content with him

حدثني يحيى، عن مالك، عن عبد الله بن يزيد، مولى الاسود بن سفيان عن ابي سلمة بن عبد الرحمن بن عوف، عن فاطمة بنت قيس، ان ابا عمرو بن حفص، طلقها البتة وهو غايب بالشام فارسل اليها وكيله بشعير فسخطته فقال والله ما لك علينا من شىء . فجاءت الى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فذكرت ذلك له فقال " ليس لك عليه نفقة " . وامرها ان تعتد في بيت ام شريك ثم قال " تلك امراة يغشاها اصحابي اعتدي عند عبد الله ابن ام مكتوم فانه رجل اعمى تضعين ثيابك عنده فاذا حللت فاذنيني " . قالت فلما حللت ذكرت له ان معاوية بن ابي سفيان وابا جهم بن هشام خطباني . فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم " اما ابو جهم فلا يضع عصاه عن عاتقه واما معاوية فصعلوك لا مال له انكحي اسامة بن زيد " . قالت فكرهته ثم قال " انكحي اسامة بن زيد " . فنكحته فجعل الله في ذلك خيرا واغتبطت به

Yahya related to me from Malik that he heard Ibn Shihab say, "The woman who is absolutely divorced does not leave her house until she is free to remarry. She has no maintenance unless she is pregnant. In that circumstance the husband spends on her until she gives birth." Malik said, "This is what is done among us

وحدثني عن مالك، انه سمع ابن شهاب، يقول المبتوتة لا تخرج من بيتها حتى تحل وليست لها نفقة الا ان تكون حاملا فينفق عليها حتى تضع حملها . قال مالك وهذا الامر عندنا

Malik said, "What is done among us when a slave divorces a slave- girl when she is a slave and then she is set free, is that her idda is the idda of a slave-girl, and her being set free does not change her idda whether or not he can still return to her. Her idda is not altered." Malik added, "The hadd-punishment which a slave incurs is the same as this. When he is freed after he has incurred but before the punishment has been executed, his hadd is the hadd of the slave." Malik said, "When a free man divorces a slave-girl three times, her idda is two periods. When a slave divorces a free woman twice, her idda is three periods." Malik said about a man who had a slave-girl as a wife, and he bought her and set her free, ''Her idda is the idda of a slave-girl, i.e. two periods, as long as he has not had intercourse with her. If he has had intercourse with her after buying her and before he set her free, she only has to wait until one period has passed . " Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said and from Yazid ibn Abdullah ibn Qusayt al-Laythi that Said ibn al-Musayyab said, ''Umar ibn al-Khattab said, 'If a woman is divorced and has one or two periods and then stops menstruating, she must wait nine months. If it is clear that she is pregnant, that is that. If not, she must do an idda of three months after the nine, and then she is free to marry

حدثني يحيى، عن مالك، عن يحيى بن سعيد، وعن يزيد بن عبد الله بن قسيط الليثي، عن سعيد بن المسيب، انه قال قال عمر بن الخطاب ايما امراة طلقت فحاضت حيضة او حيضتين ثم رفعتها حيضتها فانها تنتظر تسعة اشهر فان بان بها حمل فذلك والا اعتدت بعد التسعة الاشهر ثلاثة اشهر ثم حلت

Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said that Said ibn al-Musayyab said, "Divorce belongs to men, and women have the idda

وحدثني عن مالك، عن يحيى بن سعيد، عن سعيد بن المسيب، انه كان يقول الطلاق للرجال والعدة للنساء

Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab that Said ibn al- Musayyab said, "The idda of the woman who bleeds constantly is a year." Malik said, "What is done among us about a divorced woman whose periods stop when her husband divorces her is that she waits nine months. If she has not had a period in them, she has an idda of three months. If she has a period before the end of the three months, she accepts the period. If another nine months pass without her having a period, she does an idda of three months. If she has a second period before the end of those three months, she accepts the period. If nine months then pass without a period, she does an idda of three months. If she has a third period, the idda of the period is complete. If she does not have a period, she waits three months, and then she is free to marry. Her husband can return to her before she becomes free to marry unless he made her divorce irrevocable." Malik said, "The sunna with us is that when a man divorces his wife and has the option to return to her, and she does part of her idda and then he returns to her and then parts from her before he has had intercourse with her, she does not add to what has passed of her idda. Her husband has wronged himself and erred if he returned to her and had no need of her." Malik said, "What is done among us is that if a woman becomes a muslim while her husband is a kafir and then he becomes muslim, he is entitled to her as long as she is in her idda. If her idda is finished, he has no access to her. If he remarries her after the end of her idda, however, that is not counted as divorce. Islam removed her from him without divorce

وحدثني عن مالك، عن ابن شهاب، عن سعيد بن المسيب، انه قال عدة المستحاضة سنة . قال مالك الامر عندنا في المطلقة التي ترفعها حيضتها حين يطلقها زوجها انها تنتظر تسعة اشهر فان لم تحض فيهن اعتدت ثلاثة اشهر فان حاضت قبل ان تستكمل الاشهر الثلاثة استقبلت الحيض فان مرت بها تسعة اشهر قبل ان تحيض اعتدت ثلاثة اشهر فان حاضت الثانية قبل ان تستكمل الاشهر الثلاثة استقبلت الحيض فان مرت بها تسعة اشهر قبل ان تحيض اعتدت ثلاثة اشهر فان حاضت الثالثة كانت قد استكملت عدة الحيض فان لم تحض استقبلت ثلاثة اشهر ثم حلت ولزوجها عليها في ذلك الرجعة قبل ان تحل الا ان يكون قد بت طلاقها . قال مالك السنة عندنا ان الرجل اذا طلق امراته وله عليها رجعة فاعتدت بعض عدتها ثم ارتجعها ثم فارقها قبل ان يمسها انها لا تبني على ما مضى من عدتها وانها تستانف من يوم طلقها عدة مستقبلة وقد ظلم زوجها نفسه واخطا ان كان ارتجعها ولا حاجة له بها . قال مالك والامر عندنا ان المراة اذا اسلمت وزوجها كافر ثم اسلم فهو احق بها ما دامت في عدتها فان انقضت عدتها فلا سبيل له عليها وان تزوجها بعد انقضاء عدتها لم يعد ذلك طلاقا وانما فسخها منه الاسلام بغير طلاق

Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Ali ibn Abi Talib said about the two arbiters about whom Allah, the Exalted, said,"If you fear a breach between the two, appoint an arbiter from his people, and an arbiter from her people. If they desire to set things aright, Allah will make peace between them, surely Allah is Knowing, Aware," (Sura 4 ayat 35), that the separation and the joining were overseen by the two of them. Malik said, "That is the best of what I have heard from the people of knowledge. Whatever the two arbiters say concerning separation or joining is taken into consideration

حدثني يحيى، عن مالك، انه بلغه ان علي بن ابي طالب، قال في الحكمين اللذين قال الله تعالى {وان خفتم شقاق بينهما فابعثوا حكما من اهله وحكما من اهلها ان يريدا اصلاحا يوفق الله بينهما ان الله كان عليما خبيرا} ان اليهما الفرقة بينهما والاجتماع . قال مالك وذلك احسن ما سمعت من اهل العلم ان الحكمين يجوز قولهما بين الرجل وامراته في الفرقة والاجتماع

Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Umar ibn al-Khattab, Abdullah ibn Umar, Abdullah ibn Masud, Salim ibn Abdullah, al-Qasim ibn Muhammad, Ibn Shihab,and Sulayman ibn Yasar all said, "If a man has vowed to divorce his wife before marrying her and then he breaks his vow, divorce is obligatory for him when he marries her

وحدثني يحيى، عن مالك، انه بلغه ان عمر بن الخطاب، وعبد الله بن عمر، وعبد الله بن مسعود، وسالم بن عبد الله، والقاسم بن محمد، وابن، شهاب وسليمان بن يسار كانوا يقولون اذا حلف الرجل بطلاق المراة قبل ان ينكحها ثم اثم ان ذلك لازم له اذا نكحها

Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Abdullah ibn Masud said that there was nothing binding on someone who said, "Every woman I marry is divorced," if he did not name a specific tribe or woman. Malik said, "That is the best of what I have heard." Malik said about a man saying to his wife, "You are divorced, and every woman I marry is divorced," or that all his property would be sadaqa if he did not do such-and-such, and he broke his oath:"As for his wives, it is divorce as he said, and as for his statement, 'Every woman I marry is divorced', if he did not name a specific woman, tribe, or land, or such, it is not binding on him and he can marry as he wishes. As for his property, he gives a third of it away as sadaqa

وحدثني عن مالك، انه بلغه ان عبد الله بن مسعود، كان يقول فيمن قال كل امراة انكحها فهي طالق انه اذا لم يسم قبيلة او امراة بعينها فلا شىء عليه . قال مالك وهذا احسن ما سمعت . قال مالك في الرجل يقول لامراته انت الطلاق وكل امراة انكحها فهي طالق وماله صدقة ان لم يفعل كذا وكذا فحنث قال اما نساوه فطلاق كما قال واما قوله كل امراة انكحها فهي طالق فانه اذا لم يسم امراة بعينها او قبيلة او ارضا او نحو هذا فليس يلزمه ذلك وليتزوج ما شاء واما ماله فليتصدق بثلثه

Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab that Said ibn al- Musayyab said, "If someone marries a woman and cannot have intercourse with her, there is a deadline of a year set for him to have intercourse with her. If he does not, they are separated

حدثني يحيى، عن مالك، عن ابن شهاب، عن سعيد بن المسيب، انه كان يقول من تزوج امراة فلم يستطع ان يمسها فانه يضرب له اجل سنة فان مسها والا فرق بينهما