Muwatta Imam Malik — Divorce

Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said from Bukayr ibn Abdullah al-Ashajj from an-Numan ibn Abi Ayyash al Ansari from Ata ibn Yasar that a man came and asked Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-As about a man who divorced his wife three times before he had had intercourse with her Ata said, "The divorce of the virgin is one. Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-As said to me, 'You say one pronouncement separates her and three makes her haram until she has married another husband

وحدثني عن مالك، عن يحيى بن سعيد، عن بكير بن عبد الله بن الاشج، عن النعمان بن ابي عياش الانصاري، عن عطاء بن يسار، انه قال جاء رجل يسال عبد الله بن عمرو بن العاص عن رجل طلق امراته ثلاثا قبل ان يمسها قال عطاء فقلت انما طلاق البكر واحدة . فقال لي عبد الله بن عمرو بن العاص انما انت قاص الواحدة تبينها والثلاثة تحرمها حتى تنكح زوجا غيره

Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said that Bukayr ibn Abdullah al-Ashajj informed him that Muawiya ibn Abi Ayyash al- Ansari told him that he was sitting with Abdullah ibn az-Zubayr and Asim ibn Umar ibn al-Khattab when Muhammad ibn Iyas ibn al-Bukayr came up to them and said, "A man from the desert has divorced his wife three times before consummating the marriage, what do you think?" Abdullah ibn az-Zubayr said "This is something about which we have no statement. Go to Abdullah ibn Abbas and Abu Hurayra. I left them with A'isha. Ask them and then come and tell us." He went and asked them. Ibn Abbas said to Abu Hurayra, "Give an opinion, Abu Hurayra! A difficult one has come to you." Abu Hurayra said, "One pronouncement separates her and three makes her haram until she has married another husband." Ibn Abbas said the like of that. Malik said, "That is what is done among us, and when a man marries a woman who has been married before, and he has not had intercourse with her, she is treated as a virgin - one pronouncement separates her and three make her haram until she has married another husband

وحدثني عن مالك، عن يحيى بن سعيد، عن بكير بن عبد الله بن الاشج، انه اخبره عن معاوية بن ابي عياش الانصاري، انه كان جالسا مع عبد الله بن الزبير وعاصم بن عمر بن الخطاب قال فجاءهما محمد بن اياس بن البكير فقال ان رجلا من اهل البادية طلق امراته ثلاثا قبل ان يدخل بها فماذا تريان فقال عبد الله بن الزبير ان هذا الامر ما لنا فيه قول فاذهب الى عبد الله بن عباس وابي هريرة فاني تركتهما عند عايشة فسلهما ثم ايتنا فاخبرنا . فذهب فسالهما فقال ابن عباس لابي هريرة افته يا ابا هريرة فقد جاءتك معضلة . فقال ابو هريرة الواحدة تبينها والثلاثة تحرمها حتى تنكح زوجا غيره . وقال ابن عباس مثل ذلك . قال مالك وعلى ذلك الامر عندنا والثيب اذا ملكها الرجل فلم يدخل بها انها تجري مجرى البكر الواحدة تبينها والثلاث تحرمها حتى تنكح زوجا غيره

Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab that Talha ibn Abdullah ibn Awf said, and he knew that better than them, from Abu Salama ibn Abd ar-Rahman ibn Awf that Abd ar-Rahman ibn Awf divorced his wife irrevocably while he was terminally ill, and Uthman ibn Affan made her an heir after the end of her idda

حدثني يحيى، عن مالك، عن ابن شهاب، عن طلحة بن عبد الله بن عوف، - قال وكان اعلمهم بذلك - وعن ابي سلمة بن عبد الرحمن بن عوف، ان عبد الرحمن بن عوف، طلق امراته البتة وهو مريض فورثها عثمان بن عفان منه بعد انقضاء عدتها

Yahya related to me from Malik from Abdullah ibn al-Fadl from al- Araj that Uthman ibn Affan made the wives of ibn Mukmil inherit from him, and he had divorced them while he was terminally ill

وحدثني عن مالك، عن عبد الله بن الفضل، عن الاعرج، ان عثمان بن عفان، ورث نساء ابن مكمل منه وكان طلقهن وهو مريض

Yahya related to me from Malik that he heard Rabia ibn Abi Abd ar-Rahman say, ''I heard that the wife of Abd ar-Rahman ibn Awf asked him to divorce her. He said, 'When you have menstruated and are pure, then come to me.' She did not menstruate until Abd ar-Rahman ibn Awf was ill. When she was purified, she told him and he divorced her irrevocably or made a pronouncement of divorce which was all that he had left over her Abd arRahman ibn Awf was terminally ill at the time, so Uthman ibn Affan made her one of the heirs after the end of her idda

وحدثني عن مالك، انه سمع ربيعة بن ابي عبد الرحمن، يقول بلغني ان امراة، عبد الرحمن بن عوف سالته ان يطلقها فقال اذا حضت ثم طهرت فاذنيني فلم تحض حتى مرض عبد الرحمن بن عوف فلما طهرت اذنته فطلقها البتة او تطليقة لم يكن بقي له عليها من الطلاق غيرها وعبد الرحمن بن عوف يوميذ مريض فورثها عثمان بن عفان منه بعد انقضاء عدتها

Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said that Muhammad ibn Yahya ibn Habban said, "My grandfather Habban had two wives, one from the Hashimites and one from the Ansars. He divorced the Ansariyya while she was nursing, and a year passed and he died and she had still not yet menstruated. She said, 'I inherit from him. I have not menstruated yet.' The wives quarrelled and went to Uthman ibn Affan. He decided that she did inherit, and the Hashimiyya rebuked Uthman. He said, 'This is the practice of the son of your paternal uncle. He pointed this out to us.' He meant Ali ibn Abi Talib

وحدثني عن مالك، عن يحيى بن سعيد، عن محمد بن يحيى بن حبان، قال كانت عند جدي حبان امراتان هاشمية وانصارية فطلق الانصارية وهي ترضع فمرت بها سنة ثم هلك عنها ولم تحض فقالت انا ارثه لم احض فاختصمتا الى عثمان بن عفان فقضى لها بالميراث فلامت الهاشمية عثمان فقال هذا عمل ابن عمك هو اشار علينا بهذا يعني علي بن ابي طالب

Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard Ibn Shihab say, "When a man who is terminally ill divorces his wife three times, she inherits from him." Malik said, "If he divorces her while he is terminally ill before he has consummated the marriage, she has half of the bride-price and inherits, and she does not have to do an idda. If he consummated the marriage, she has all the dowry and inherits. The virgin and the previously married woman are the same in this situation according to us

وحدثني عن مالك، انه سمع ابن شهاب، يقول اذا طلق الرجل امراته ثلاثا وهو مريض فانها ترثه . قال مالك وان طلقها وهو مريض قبل ان يدخل بها فلها نصف الصداق ولها الميراث ولا عدة عليها وان دخل بها ثم طلقها فلها المهر كله والميراث البكر والثيب في هذا عندنا سواء

Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Abd ar- Rahman ibn Awf divorced his wife, and gave her compensation in the form of a slave-girl

حدثني يحيى، عن مالك، انه بلغه ان عبد الرحمن بن عوف، طلق امراة له فمتع بوليدة

Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Abdullah ibn Umar said, "Every divorced woman has compensation except for the one who is divorced and is allocated a bride-price and has not been touched. She has half of what was allocated to her

وحدثني عن مالك، عن نافع، عن عبد الله بن عمر، انه كان يقول لكل مطلقة متعة الا التي تطلق وقد فرض لها صداق ولم تمس فحسبها نصف ما فرض لها

Yahya related to me from Malik that Ibn Shihab said, "Every divorced woman has compensation." Malik said, "I have also heard the same as that from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad." Malik said, "There is no fixed limit among us as to how small or large the compensation is

وحدثني عن مالك، عن ابن شهاب، انه قال لكل مطلقة متعة . قال مالك وبلغني عن القاسم بن محمد، مثل ذلك . قال مالك ليس للمتعة عندنا حد معروف في قليلها ولا كثيرها

Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu'z-Zinad from Sulayman ibn Yasar that Nufay, a mukatab of Umm Salama the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, or her slave, had a free woman as a wife. He divorced her twice, and then he wanted to return to her. The wives of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, ordered him to go to Uthman ibn Affan to ask him about it. He found him at ad-Daraj with Zayd ibn Thabit. He asked them, and they both anticipated him and said, "She is haram for you. She is haram for you

حدثني يحيى، عن مالك، عن ابي الزناد، عن سليمان بن يسار، ان نفيعا، مكاتبا كان لام سلمة زوج النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم او عبدا لها كانت تحته امراة حرة فطلقها اثنتين ثم اراد ان يراجعها فامره ازواج النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ان ياتي عثمان بن عفان فيساله عن ذلك فلقيه عند الدرج اخذا بيد زيد بن ثابت فسالهما فابتدراه جميعا فقالا حرمت عليك حرمت عليك

Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from Said ibn al- Musayyab that Nufay, a mukatab of Umm Salama, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, divorced his free wife twice, so he asked Uthman ibn Affan for an opinion, and he said, "She is haram for you

وحدثني عن مالك، عن ابن شهاب، عن سعيد بن المسيب، ان نفيعا، مكاتبا كان لام سلمة زوج النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم طلق امراة حرة تطليقتين فاستفتى عثمان بن عفان فقال حرمت عليك

Yahya related to me from Malik from Abdu Rabbih ibn Said from Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn al-Harith at-Taymi that Nufay, a mukatab of Umm Salama, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, asked Zayd ibn Thabit for an opinion. He said, "I have divorced my free wife twice." Zayd ibn Thabit said, "She is haram for you

وحدثني عن مالك، عن عبد ربه بن سعيد، عن محمد بن ابراهيم بن الحارث التيمي، ان نفيعا، مكاتبا كان لام سلمة زوج النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم استفتى زيد بن ثابت فقال اني طلقت امراة حرة تطليقتين . فقال زيد بن ثابت حرمت عليك

Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Abdullah ibn Umar said, "When the slave divorces his wife twice, she is haram for him until she has married another husband, whether she is free or a slave. The idda of a free woman is three menstrual periods, and the idda of a slave-girl is two periods

وحدثني عن مالك، عن نافع، ان عبد الله بن عمر، كان يقول اذا طلق العبد امراته تطليقتين فقد حرمت عليه حتى تنكح زوجا غيره حرة كانت او امة وعدة الحرة ثلاث حيض وعدة الامة حيضتان

Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Abdullah ibn Umar said, "If a man gives his slave permission to marry, the divorce is in the hand of the slave, and nobody else has any power over his divorce. Nothing is held against a man who takes the slave-girl of his male slave or the slave-girl of his female-slave

وحدثني عن مالك، عن نافع، ان عبد الله بن عمر، كان يقول من اذن لعبده ان ينكح فالطلاق بيد العبد ليس بيد غيره من طلاقه شىء فاما ان ياخذ الرجل امة غلامه او امة وليدته فلا جناح عليه

Malik said, "Neither a free man nor a slave who divorces a slave- girl nor a slave who divorces a free woman, in an irrevocable divorce, is obliged to pay maintenance even if she is pregnant, and he cannot return to her." Malik said, "A free man is not obliged to pay for the suckling of his son when he is a slave of other people, nor is a slave obliged to spend his money for what his master owns except with the permission of his master

حدثني يحيى، عن مالك، عن يحيى بن سعيد، عن سعيد بن المسيب، ان عمر بن الخطاب، قال ايما امراة فقدت زوجها فلم تدر اين هو فانها تنتظر اربع سنين ثم تعتد اربعة اشهر وعشرا ثم تحل . قال مالك وان تزوجت بعد انقضاء عدتها فدخل بها زوجها او لم يدخل بها فلا سبيل لزوجها الاول اليها . قال مالك وذلك الامر عندنا وان ادركها زوجها قبل ان تتزوج فهو احق بها . قال مالك وادركت الناس ينكرون الذي قال بعض الناس على عمر بن الخطاب انه قال يخير زوجها الاول اذا جاء في صداقها او في امراته

Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said from Said ibn al-Musayyab that Umar ibn al-Khattab said, "The woman who loses her husband and does not know where he is, waits for four years, then she does idda for four months, and then she is free to marry." Malik said, "If she marries after her idda is over, regardless of whether the new husband has consummated the marriage or not, her first husband has no means of access to her." Malik said, "That is what is done among us and if her husband reaches her before she has remarried, he is more entitled to her." Malik said that he had seen people disapproving of someone who said that one of the people (of knowledge) attributed to Umar ibn al-Khattab that he said, "Her first husband chooses when he comes either her bride-price or his wife." Malik said, "I have heard that Umar ibn al-Khattab, speaking about a woman whose husband divorced her while he was absent from her, and then he took her back and the news of his taking her back had not reached her, while the news of his divorcing her had, and so she had married again, said, 'Her first husband who divorced her has no means of access to her whether or not the new husband has consummated the marriage.' " Malik said, "This is what I like the best of what I heard about the missing man

قال مالك وبلغني ان عمر بن الخطاب قال في المراة يطلقها زوجها وهو غايب عنها ثم يراجعها فلا يبلغها رجعته وقد بلغها طلاقه اياها فتزوجت انه ان دخل بها زوجها الاخر او لم يدخل بها فلا سبيل لزوجها الاول الذي كان طلقها اليها . قال مالك وهذا احب ما سمعت الى في هذا وفي المفقود

Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Abdullah ibn Umar divorced his wife while she was menstruating in the time of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, Umar ibn al-Khattab asked the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, about it. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Go and tell him to take her back and keep her until she is purified and then has a period and then is purified. Then if he wishes, he an keep her, and if he wishes he should divorce her before he has intercourse with her. That is the idda which Allah has commanded for women who are divorced

حدثني يحيى، عن مالك، عن نافع، ان عبد الله بن عمر، طلق امراته وهي حايض على عهد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فسال عمر بن الخطاب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عن ذلك فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم " مره فليراجعها ثم يمسكها حتى تطهر ثم تحيض ثم تطهر ثم ان شاء امسك بعد وان شاء طلق قبل ان يمس فتلك العدة التي امر الله ان يطلق لها النساء

Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from Urwa ibn az- Zubayr from A'isha, umm al-muminin, that she took Hafsa ibn Abd ar- Rahman ibn Abi Bakr as-Siddiq into her house when she had entered the third period of her idda. Ibn Shihab said, "That was mentioned to Amra bint Abd ar-Rahman, and she said that Urwa had spoken the truth and people had argued with A'isha about it. They said that Allah, the Blessed, the Exalted, said in His Book, 'Three quru.' A'isha said, 'You spoke the truth. Do you know what quru are? Quru are times of becoming pure after menstruation

وحدثني عن مالك، عن ابن شهاب، عن عروة بن الزبير، عن عايشة ام المومنين، انها انتقلت حفصة بنت عبد الرحمن بن ابي بكر الصديق حين دخلت في الدم من الحيضة الثالثة . قال ابن شهاب فذكر ذلك لعمرة بنت عبد الرحمن فقالت صدق عروة وقد جادلها في ذلك ناس فقالوا ان الله تبارك وتعالى يقول في كتابه {ثلاثة قروء} فقالت عايشة صدقتم تدرون ما الاقراء انما الاقراء الاطهار

Yahya related to me from Malik that Ibn Shihab said that he heard Abu Bakr ibn Abd ar-Rahman say, "I have never seen any of our fuqaha who did not say that this was what the statement of A'isha meant

وحدثني عن مالك، عن ابن شهاب، انه قال سمعت ابا بكر بن عبد الرحمن، يقول ما ادركت احدا من فقهاينا الا وهو يقول هذا . يريد قول عايشة