Sunan Abu Dawud — Tribute, Spoils, and Rulership

Narrated AbuMaryam al-Azdi: When I entered upon Mu'awiyah, he said: How good your visit is to us, O father of so-and-so. (This is an idiom used by the Arabs on such occasions). I said: I tell you a tradition which I heard (from the Prophet). I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: If Allah puts anyone in the position of authority over the affairs of the Muslims, and he secludes himself (from them), not fulfilling their needs, wants, and poverty, Allah will keep Himself away from him, not fulfilling his need, want and poverty. He said: He (Mu'awiyah) appointed a man to fulfil the needs of the people

حدثنا سليمان بن عبد الرحمن الدمشقي، حدثنا يحيى بن حمزة، حدثني ابن ابي مريم، ان القاسم بن مخيمرة، اخبره ان ابا مريم الازدي اخبره قال دخلت على معاوية فقال ما انعمنا بك ابا فلان . وهي كلمة تقولها العرب فقلت حديثا سمعته اخبرك به سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول " من ولاه الله عز وجل شييا من امر المسلمين فاحتجب دون حاجتهم وخلتهم وفقرهم احتجب الله عنه دون حاجته وخلته وفقره " . قال فجعل رجلا على حوايج الناس

Narrated AbuHurayrah: The Prophet (ﷺ) said: It is not on my own that I give you or withhold from you: I am just a treasure, putting it where I have been commanded

حدثنا سلمة بن شبيب، حدثنا عبد الرزاق، اخبرنا معمر، عن همام بن منبه، قال هذا ما حدثنا به ابو هريرة، قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم " ما اوتيكم من شىء وما امنعكموه ان انا الا خازن اضع حيث امرت

Narrated Umar ibn al-Khattab: Malik ibn Aws ibn al-Hadthan said: One day Umar ibn al-Khattab mentioned the spoils of war and said: I am not more entitled to this spoil of war than you; and none of us is more entitled to it than another, except that we occupy our positions fixed by the Book of Allah, Who is Great and Glorious, and the division made by the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), people being arranged according to their precedence in accepting Islam, the hardship they have endured their having children and their need

حدثنا النفيلي، حدثنا محمد بن سلمة، عن محمد بن اسحاق، عن محمد بن عمرو بن عطاء، عن مالك بن اوس بن الحدثان، قال ذكر عمر بن الخطاب يوما الفىء فقال ما انا باحق، بهذا الفىء منكم وما احد منا باحق به من احد الا انا على منازلنا من كتاب الله عز وجل وقسم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فالرجل وقدمه والرجل وبلاوه والرجل وعياله والرجل وحاجته

Narrated Abdullah ibn Umar: Zayd ibn Aslam said: Abdullah ibn Umar entered upon Mu'awiyah. He asked: (Tell me) your need, AbuAbdurRahman. He replied: Give (the spoils) to those who were set free, for I saw the first thing the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) did when anything came to him was to give something to those who had been set free

حدثنا هارون بن زيد بن ابي الزرقاء، حدثنا ابي، حدثنا هشام بن سعد، عن زيد بن اسلم، ان عبد الله بن عمر، دخل على معاوية فقال حاجتك يا ابا عبد الرحمن فقال عطاء المحررين فاني رايت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم اول ما جاءه شىء بدا بالمحررين

Narrated Aisha, Ummul Mu'minin: The Prophet (ﷺ) was brought a pouch containing bead and divided it among free women and slave women. Aisha said: My father used to divide things between free men and slave

حدثنا ابراهيم بن موسى الرازي، اخبرنا عيسى، حدثنا ابن ابي ذيب، عن القاسم بن عباس، عن عبد الله بن نيار، عن عروة، عن عايشة، رضى الله عنها ان النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم اتي بظبية فيها خرز فقسمها للحرة والامة . قالت عايشة كان ابي رضى الله عنه يقسم للحر والعبد

Narrated 'Awf bin Malik:When the spoils (fai') came to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), he divided it that day ; he gave two portions to a married man and one to a bachelor. The narrator Ibn al-Musaffa added: We were summoned, and I would be summoned before 'Ammar. So I was summoned and he gave me two portions, for I had a family ; then 'Ammar b. Yasir was summoned after me and given one

حدثنا سعيد بن منصور، حدثنا عبد الله بن المبارك، ح وحدثنا ابن المصفى، قال حدثنا ابو المغيرة، جميعا عن صفوان بن عمرو، عن عبد الرحمن بن جبير بن نفير، عن ابيه، عن عوف بن مالك، ان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم كان اذا اتاه الفىء قسمه في يومه فاعطى الاهل حظين واعطى العزب حظا . زاد ابن المصفى فدعينا وكنت ادعى قبل عمار فدعيت فاعطاني حظين وكان لي اهل ثم دعي بعدي عمار بن ياسر فاعطى له حظا واحدا

Narrated Jabir ibn Abdullah: The Prophet (ﷺ) said: I am nearer to the believers than themselves, so if anyone leaves property, it goes to his heirs, and if anyone leaves debt and dependants, let the matter come to me and I shall be responsible

حدثنا محمد بن كثير، اخبرنا سفيان، عن جعفر، عن ابيه، عن جابر بن عبد الله، قال كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول " انا اولى بالمومنين من انفسهم من ترك مالا فلاهله ومن ترك دينا او ضياعا فالى وعلى

Narrated Abu Hurairah:The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) as saying: If anyone leaves property, it goes to his heirs. And if anyone leaves dependents (without resources), they come to us

حدثنا حفص بن عمر، حدثنا شعبة، عن عدي بن ثابت، عن ابي حازم، عن ابي هريرة، قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم " من ترك مالا فلورثته ومن ترك كلا فالينا

Narrated Jabir b. 'Abd Allah :The Prophet (ﷺ) as saying: I am nearer to every believer than himself, and if anyone leaves, it goes to his heirs

حدثنا احمد بن حنبل، حدثنا عبد الرزاق، عن معمر، عن الزهري، عن ابي سلمة، عن جابر بن عبد الله، عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم كان يقول " انا اولى بكل مومن من نفسه فايما رجل مات وترك دينا فالى ومن ترك مالا فلورثته

Narrated Nafi':That Ibn 'Umar was presented before the Prophet (ﷺ) on the day of Uhud, when he was fourteen years old, but he did not allow him. He was again presented to him on the day of Khandaq (the battle of Trench) when he was fifteen years old, he allowed him

حدثنا احمد بن حنبل، حدثنا يحيى، عن عبيد الله، اخبرني نافع، عن ابن عمر، ان النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم عرضه يوم احد وهو ابن اربع عشرة فلم يجزه وعرضه يوم الخندق وهو ابن خمس عشرة سنة فاجازه

Narrated A man: Sulaym ibn Mutayr reported on the authority of his father that Mutayr went away to perform hajj. When he reached as-Suwaida', a man suddenly came searching for medicine and ammonium anthorhizum extract, and he said: A man who heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) addressing the people commanding and prohibiting them, told me that he said: O people, accept presents so long as they remain presents; but when the Quraysh quarrel about the rule, and the presents are given for the religion of one of you, then leave them alone. Abu Dawud said: This tradition has been transmitted by Ibn al-Mubarak from Muhammad b. Yasar from Sulaim b. Mutair

حدثنا احمد بن ابي الحواري، حدثنا سليم بن مطير، - شيخ من اهل وادي القرى - قال حدثني ابي مطير انه خرج حاجا حتى اذا كان بالسويداء اذا انا برجل قد جاء كانه يطلب دواء وحضضا فقال اخبرني من سمع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في حجة الوداع وهو يعظ الناس ويامرهم وينهاهم فقال " يا ايها الناس خذوا العطاء ما كان عطاء فاذا تجاحفت قريش على الملك وكان عن دين احدكم فدعوه " . قال ابو داود ورواه ابن المبارك عن محمد بن يسار عن سليم بن مطير

Narrated Dhul-Zawa'id: Mutayr said: I heard a man say: I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) in the Farewell Pilgrimage. He was commanding and prohibiting them (the people). He said: O Allah, did I give full information? They said: Yes. He said: When the Quraysh quarrel about the rule among themselves, and the presents become bribery, them leave them. The people were asked: Who was he (who narrated this tradition)? They said: This was Dhul-Zawa'id, a Companion of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)

حدثنا هشام بن عمار، حدثنا سليم بن مطير، - من اهل وادي القرى - عن ابيه، انه حدثه قال سمعت رجلا، يقول سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في حجة الوداع فامر الناس ونهاهم ثم قال " اللهم هل بلغت " . قالوا اللهم نعم . ثم قال " اذا تجاحفت قريش على الملك فيما بينها وعاد العطاء او كان رشا فدعوه " . فقيل من هذا قالوا هذا ذو الزوايد صاحب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم

Narrated 'Abd Allah b. Ka'b b. Malik al-Ansari:An expedition of the Ansar was operating in Persia with their leader. 'Umar used to send expeditions by turns every year, but he neglected them. When the expired, the people of expedition appointed on the frontier came back. He ('Umar) took serious action against them and threatened them, though they were the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). They said: 'Umar you neglected us, and abandoned the practice for which the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) commanded to send the detachments by turns

حدثنا موسى بن اسماعيل، حدثنا ابراهيم، - يعني ابن سعد - حدثنا ابن شهاب، عن عبد الله بن كعب بن مالك الانصاري، ان جيشا، من الانصار كانوا بارض فارس مع اميرهم وكان عمر يعقب الجيوش في كل عام فشغل عنهم عمر فلما مر الاجل قفل اهل ذلك الثغر فاشتد عليهم وتواعدهم وهم اصحاب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقالوا يا عمر انك غفلت عنا وتركت فينا الذي امر به رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم من اعقاب بعض الغزية بعضا

Narrated Umar ibn al-Khattab: A son of Adi ibn Adi al-Kindi said that Umar ibn AbdulAziz wrote (to his governors): If anyone asks about the places where spoils (fay') should be spent, that should be done in accordance with the decision made by Umar ibn al-Khattab (Allah be pleased with him). The believers considered him to be just, according to the saying of the Prophet (ﷺ): Allah has placed truth upon Umar's tongue and heart. He fixed stipends for Muslims, and provided protection for the people of other religions by levying jizyah (poll-tax) on them, deducting no fifth from it, nor taking it as booty

حدثنا محمود بن خالد، حدثنا محمد بن عايذ، حدثنا الوليد، حدثنا عيسى بن يونس، حدثني فيما، حدثه ابن لعدي بن عدي الكندي، ان عمر بن عبد العزيز، كتب ان من سال عن مواضع الفىء، فهو ما حكم فيه عمر بن الخطاب رضى الله عنه فراه المومنون عدلا موافقا لقول النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم " جعل الله الحق على لسان عمر وقلبه " . فرض الاعطية وعقد لاهل الاديان ذمة بما فرض عليهم من الجزية لم يضرب فيها بخمس ولا مغنم

Narrated AbuDharr: I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: Allah, the Exalted, has placed truth on Umar's tongue and he speaks it

حدثنا احمد بن يونس، حدثنا زهير، حدثنا محمد بن اسحاق، عن مكحول، عن غضيف بن الحارث، عن ابي ذر، قال سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول " ان الله وضع الحق على لسان عمر يقول به

Narrated Malik b. Aws b. Al-Hadathan: 'Umar sent for me when the day rose high. I found him sitting on a couch without cover. When I entered upon him, he said: Malik, some people of you tribe gradually came here, and I have ordered to give them something, so distribute it among them. I said: If you assigned this (work) to some other person, (it would be better). He said: Take it. Then Yarfa' came to him and said: Commander of the Faithful, will you permit 'Uthman b. 'Affan, 'Abd al-Rahman b. 'Awf, al-Zubair b. al-'Awwam, and Sa'd b, Abi Waqqas (to enter) ? He said: Yes. So he permitted them and they entered. Yarfa' again came to him and said: Commander of the Faithful, would you permit al-'Abbas and 'Ali ? He said: Yes. He then permitted them and they entered. Al-'Abbas said: Commander of Faithful, decide between me and this, referring to 'Ali. Some of them said: Yes, Commander of the Faithful, decide between them and give them comfort. Malik b. Aws said: It occurred to me that both of them brought the other people for this. 'Umar said: Show patience (do not make haste). He then turned towards those people and said: I adjure you by Allah by Whose order the heaven and earth stand. Do you know that Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: We are not inherited whatever we leave is sadaqah (alms). They said: Yes. He then turned towards 'Ali and al-'Abbas and said: I adjure you by Allah by Whose order the heaven and earth stand. Do you know that Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: We are not inherited whatever we leave is sadaqah (alms). They said: Yes. He then said: Allah has appointed for the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) a special portion (in the booty) which he did not do for anyone. Allah, Most High, said: What Allah has bestowed on His Apostle (and taken away) from them - for this ye made no expedition with either cavalry or camelry. But Allah gives power to His apostles over any He pleases ; and Allah has power over all things". Allah bestowed (the property of) Banu al-Nadir on His Apostle. I swear by Allah, he did not reserve it for himself, nor did he take it over and above you. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to his share for his maintenance annually, or used to take his contribution and give his family their annual contribution (from this property), then take what remained and deal with it as he did with Allah's property. He then turned towards those people and said: I adjure you by Allah by Whose order the heaven and earth stand. Do you know that ? They said: Yes. He then turned towards 'Ali and al-'Abbas and said: I adjure you by Allah by Whose order the heaven and earth stand. Do you know that ? They said: Yes. When the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) died, Abu Bakr said: I am the protector of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). Then you and this ('Ali) came to Abu Bakr, demanding a share from the inheritance of your cousin, and this ('Ali) demanding the share of his wife from (the property of her) father. Abu Bakr then said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: We are not inherited. Whatever we leave is sadaqah. Allah knows that he (Abu Bakr) was true, faithful, rightly-guided, and the follower of Triuth. Abu Bakr then administered it (property of the Prophet). When Abu Bakr died, I said: I am the protector of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and Abu Bakr. So I administered whatever Allah wished. Then you and this ('Ali) came. Both of you are at one, and your matter is the same. So they asked me for it (property), and I said: If you wish I give it to you on condition that you are bound by the covenant of Allah, meaning that you will administer it as the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to administer. So you took it from me on that condition. Then again you have come to me so that I decide between you other than that. I swear by Allah, I shall not decide between you other than that till the Last Hour comes. If you helpless, return it to me. Abu Dawud said: They asked him for making it half between them, and not that they were ignorant of the fact the Prophet (ﷺ) said: We are not inherited. Whatever we leave is sadaqah (alms). They were also seeking the truth. 'Umar then said: I do not apply the name of division to it ; It leave it on its former condition

Narrating this tradition Malik b. Aws said:They i.e 'Ali and al-'Abbas (Allah be pleased with them), were quarrelling about what Allah bestowed on His Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), that is, the property of Banu al-Nadir. Abu Dawud said: He ('Umar) intended that the name of division should not apply to it

حدثنا محمد بن عبيد، حدثنا محمد بن ثور، عن معمر، عن الزهري، عن مالك بن اوس، بهذه القصة قال وهما - يعني عليا والعباس رضي الله عنهما - يختصمان فيما افاء الله على رسوله من اموال بني النضير . قال ابو داود اراد ان لا يوقع عليه اسم قسم

Narrated 'Umar: The properties of Banu al-Nadir were part of what Allah bestowed on His Apostle from what the Muslims has not ridden on horses or camels to get; so they belonged specially to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) who gave his family their annual contribution. Ibn 'Abdah said: His family (ahlihi) and not the members of his houses (ahl baitihi) ; then applied what remained for horses and weapons in Allah's path

حدثنا عثمان بن ابي شيبة، واحمد بن عبدة، - المعنى - ان سفيان بن عيينة، اخبرهم عن عمرو بن دينار، عن الزهري، عن مالك بن اوس بن الحدثان، عن عمر، قال كانت اموال بني النضير مما افاء الله على رسوله مما لم يوجف المسلمون عليه بخيل ولا ركاب كانت لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم خالصا ينفق على اهل بيته - قال ابن عبدة ينفق على اهله قوت سنة - فما بقي جعل في الكراع وعدة في سبيل الله عز وجل قال ابن عبدة في الكراع والسلاح

Narrated Al-Zuhri:'Umar said explaining the verse: "What Allah has bestowed on His Apostle (and taken away) from them - for this ye made no expedition with either cavalry or camelry" this belonged specially to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ): lands of 'Urainah, Fadak, and so-and-so. What Allah as bestowed on His Apostle (and taken away) from the people of the townships - belong to Allah - to the Apostle, and to kindred and orphans, the needy and the wayfarer, to the indigent emigrants, those who were expelled from their homes and their property, and to those who, before them, had homes (in Medina), and had adopted the faith, and to those who came after them. This verse completely covered all the people ; they remained no one from Muslims but he had his right in it, or share (according to Ayyub's version) except the slaves

حدثنا مسدد، حدثنا اسماعيل بن ابراهيم، اخبرنا ايوب، عن الزهري، قال قال عمر { وما افاء الله على رسوله منهم فما اوجفتم عليه من خيل ولا ركاب } . قال الزهري قال عمر هذه لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم خاصة قرى عرينة فدك وكذا وكذا { ما افاء الله على رسوله من اهل القرى فلله وللرسول ولذي القربى واليتامى والمساكين وابن السبيل } و للفقراء الذين اخرجوا من ديارهم واموالهم والذين تبوءوا الدار والايمان من قبلهم . والذين جاءوا من بعدهم فاستوعبت هذه الاية الناس فلم يبق احد من المسلمين الا له فيها حق . قال ايوب او قال حظ الا بعض من تملكون من ارقايكم

Narrated Umar ibn al-Khattab: Malik ibn Aws al-Hadthan said: One of the arguments put forward by Umar was that he said that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) received three things exclusively to himself: Banu an-Nadir, Khaybar and Fadak. The Banu an-Nadir property was kept wholly for his emergent needs, Fadak for travellers, and Khaybar was divided by the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) into three sections: two for Muslims, and one as a contribution for his family. If anything remained after making the contribution of his family, he divided it among the poor Emigrants

حدثنا هشام بن عمار، حدثنا حاتم بن اسماعيل، ح وحدثنا سليمان بن داود المهري، اخبرنا ابن وهب، اخبرني عبد العزيز بن محمد، ح وحدثنا نصر بن علي، حدثنا صفوان بن عيسى، - وهذا لفظ حديثه - كلهم عن اسامة بن زيد، عن الزهري، عن مالك بن اوس بن الحدثان، قال كان فيما احتج به عمر رضى الله عنه انه قال كانت لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ثلاث صفايا بنو النضير وخيبر وفدك فاما بنو النضير فكانت حبسا لنوايبه واما فدك فكانت حبسا لابناء السبيل واما خيبر فجزاها رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ثلاثة اجزاء جزءين بين المسلمين وجزءا نفقة لاهله فما فضل عن نفقة اهله جعله بين فقراء المهاجرين