Sahih Muslim — Jihad and Expeditions

It has been narrated on the authority of 'A'isha that Fatima and 'Abbas approached Abu Bakr, soliciting transfer of the legacy of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) to them. At that time, they were demanding his (Holy Prophet's) lands at Fadak and his share from Khaibar. Abu Bakr said to them:I have heard from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). Then he quoted the hadith having nearly the same meaning as the one which has been narrated by Uqail on the authority of al-Zuhri (and which his gone before) except that in his version he said: Then 'Ali stood up, extolled the merits of Abu Bakr mentioned his superiority, and his earlier acceptance of Islam. Then he walked to Abu Bakr and swore allegiance to him. (At this) people turned towards 'Ali and said: you have done the right thing. And they became favourably inclined to 'Ali after he had adopted the proper course of action

حدثنا اسحاق بن ابراهيم، و محمد بن رافع وعبد بن حميد قال ابن رافع حدثنا وقال الاخران، اخبرنا عبد الرزاق، اخبرنا معمر، عن الزهري، عن عروة، عن عايشة، انصلى الله عليه وسلم وهما حينيذ يطلبان ارضه من فدك وسهمه من خيبر . فقال لهما ابو بكر اني سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم . وساق الحديث بمثل معنى حديث عقيل عن الزهري غير انه قال ثم قام علي فعظم من حق ابي بكر وذكر فضيلته وسابقته ثم مضى الى ابي بكر فبايعه فاقبل الناس الى علي فقالوا اصبت واحسنت . فكان الناس قريبا الى علي حين قارب الامر المعروف

It has been narrated by 'Urwa b Zubair on the authority of 'A'isha, wife of the Prophet (ﷺ), that Fatima, daughter of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), requested Abu Bakr, after the death of the Messenger of Allah (may peace he upon him), that he should set apart her share from what the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) had left from the properties that God had bestowed upon him. Abu Bakr said to her:The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:" We do not have any heirs; what we leave behind is Sadaqa (charity)." The narrator said: She (Fatima) lived six months after the death of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and she used to demand from Abu Bakr her share from the legacy of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) from Khaibar, Fadak and his charitable endowments at Medina. Abu Bakr refused to give her this, and said: I am not going to give up doing anything which the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to do. I am afraid that it I go against his instructions in any matter I shall deviate from the right course. So far as the charitable endowments at Medina were concerned, 'Umar handed them over to 'Ali and Abbas, but 'Ali got the better of him (and kept the property under his exclusive possession). And as far as Khaibar and Fadak were concerned 'Umar kept them with him, and said: These are the endowments of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) (to the Umma). Their income was spent on the discharge of the responsibilities that devolved upon him on the emergencies he had to meet. And their management was to be in the hands of one who managed the affairs (of the Islamic State). The narrator said: They have been managed as such up to this day

وحدثنا ابن نمير، حدثنا يعقوب بن ابراهيم، حدثنا ابي ح، وحدثنا زهير بن حرب، والحسن بن علي الحلواني قالا حدثنا يعقوب، - وهو ابن ابراهيم - حدثنا ابي، عن صالح، عن ابن شهاب، اخبرني عروة بن الزبير، ان عايشة، زوج النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم اخبرته ان فاطمة بنت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم سالت ابا بكر بعد وفاة رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ان يقسم لها ميراثها مما ترك رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم مما افاء الله عليه . فقال لها ابو بكر ان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال " لا نورث ما تركنا صدقة " . قال وعاشت بعد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ستة اشهر وكانت فاطمة تسال ابا بكر نصيبها مما ترك رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم من خيبر وفدك وصدقته بالمدينة فابى ابو بكر عليها ذلك وقال لست تاركا شييا كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يعمل به الا عملت به اني اخشى ان تركت شييا من امره ان ازيغ فاما صدقته بالمدينة فدفعها عمر الى علي وعباس فغلبه عليها علي واما خيبر وفدك فامسكهما عمر وقال هما صدقة رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم كانتا لحقوقه التي تعروه ونوايبه وامرهما الى من ولي الامر قال فهما على ذلك الى اليوم

It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:My heirs cannot share even a dinar (from my legacy) ; what I leave behind after paving maintenance allowance to my wives and remuneration to my manager is (to go in) charity

حدثنا يحيى بن يحيى، قال قرات على مالك عن ابي الزناد، عن الاعرج، عن ابي هريرة، ان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال " لا يقتسم ورثتي دينارا ما تركت بعد نفقة نسايي وميونة عاملي فهو صدقة

A similar hadith has been narrated on the authority of Abu Zinad through a different chain of transmitters

حدثنا محمد بن يحيى بن ابي عمر المكي، حدثنا سفيان، عن ابي الزناد، بهذا الاسناد . نحوه

It his been narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:" We do not have any heirs; what we leave behind is a charitable endowment

وحدثني ابن ابي خلف، حدثنا زكرياء بن عدي، اخبرنا ابن المبارك، عن يونس، عن الزهري، عن الاعرج، عن ابي هريرة، عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال " لا نورث ما تركنا صدقة

It has been narrated on the authority of Ibn Umar that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) allowed two shares from the spoils to the horseman and one share to the footman

حدثنا يحيى بن يحيى، وابو كامل فضيل بن حسين كلاهما عن سليم، قال يحيى اخبرنا سليم بن اخضر، عن عبيد الله بن عمر، حدثنا نافع، عن عبد الله بن عمر، ان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قسم في النفل للفرس سهمين وللرجل سهما

The same tradition has been narrated on the authority of Ubaidullah by a different chain of transmitters who do not mention the words:" from the booty

حدثناه ابن نمير، حدثنا ابي، حدثنا عبيد الله، بهذا الاسناد مثله ولم يذكر في النفل

It has been narrated on the authority of `Umar b. al-Khattab who said:When it was the day on which the Battle of Badr was fought, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) cast a glance at the infidels, and they were one thousand while his own Companions were three hundred and nineteen. The Prophet (ﷺ) turned (his face) towards the Qibla. Then he stretched his hands and began his supplication to his Lord: "O Allah, accomplish for me what Thou hast promised to me. O Allah, bring about what Thou hast promised to me. O Allah, if this small band of Muslims is destroyed. Thou will not be worshipped on this earth." He continued his supplication to his Lord, stretching his hands, facing the Qibla, until his mantle slipped down from his shoulders. So Abu Bakr came to him, picked up his mantle and put it on his shoulders. Then he embraced him from behind and said: Prophet of Allah, this prayer of yours to your Lord will suffice you, and He will fulfill for you what He has promised you. So Allah, the Glorious and Exalted, revealed (the Qur'anic verse): "When ye appealed to your Lord for help, He responded to your call (saying): I will help you with one thousand angels coming in succession." So Allah helped him with angels. Abu Zumail said that the hadith was narrated to him by Ibn `Abbas who said: While on that day a Muslim was chasing a disbeliever who was going ahead of him, he heard over him the swishing of the whip and the voice of the rider saying: Go ahead, Haizum! He glanced at the polytheist who had (now) fallen down on his back. When he looked at him (carefully he found that) there was a scar on his nose and his face was torn as if it had been lashed with a whip, and had turned green with its poison. An Ansari came to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and related this (event) to him. He said: You have told the truth. This was the help from the third heaven. The Muslims that day (i.e. the day of the Battle of Badr) killed seventy persons and captured seventy. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said to Abu Bakr and `Umar (Allah be pleased with them): What is your opinion about these captives? Abu Bakr said: They are our kith and kin. I think you should release them after getting from them a ransom. This will be a source of strength to us against the infidels. It is quite possible that Allah may guide them to Islam. Then the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: What is your opinion, Ibn Khattab? He said: Messenger of Allah, I do not hold the same opinion as Abu Bakr. I am of the opinion that you should hand them over to us so that we may cut off their heads. Hand over `Aqil to `Ali that he may cut off his head, and hand over such and such relative to me that I may cut off his head. They are leaders of the disbelievers and veterans among them. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) approved the opinion of Abu Bakr and did not approve what I said. The next day when I came to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), I found that both he and Abu Bakr were sitting shedding tears. I said: Messenger of Allah, why are you and your Companion shedding tears? Tell me the reason. For I will weep, or I will at least pretend to weep in sympathy with you. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: I weep for what has happened to your companions for taking ransom (from the prisoners). I was shown the torture to which they were subjected. It was brought to me as close as this tree. (He pointed to a tree close to him.) Then God revealed the verse: "It is not befitting for a prophet that he should take prisoners until the force of the disbelievers has been crushed..." to the end of the verse: "so eat ye the spoils of war, (it is) lawful and pure. So Allah made booty lawful for them

It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira who said:The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sent some horsemen to Najd. They captured a man. He was from the tribe of Banu Hanifa and was called Thumama b. Uthal. He was the chief of the people of Yamama. People bound him with one of the pillars of the mosque. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) came out to (see) him. He said: O Thumama, what do you think? He replied: Muhammad, I have good opinion of you. If you kill me, you will kill a person who has spilt blood. If you do me a favour, you will do a favour to a grateful person. If you want wealth, ask and you will get what you will demand. The Messenger of Allah (may peace be pon him) lefthim (in this condition) for two days, (and came to him again) and said: What do you think, O Thumama? He replied: What I have already told you. If you do a favour, you will do a favour to a grateful person. If you kill me, you will kill a person who has spilt blood. If you want wealth, ask and you will get what you will demand. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) left him until the next day when he (came to him again) and said: What do you think, O Thumama? He replied: What I have already told you. If you do me a favour, you will do a favour to a grateful person. If you kill me, you will kill a person who has spilt blood. If you want wealth ask and you will get what you will demand. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: Set Thumama free. He went to a palm-grove near the mosque and took a bath. Then he entered the mosque and said: I bear testimony (to the truth) that there is no god but Allah and I testify that Muhammad is His bondman and His messenger. O Muhammad, by Allah, there was no face on the earth more hateful to me than your face, but (now) your face has become to me the dearest of all faces. By Allah, there was no religion more hateful to me than your religion, but (now) your religion has become the dearest of all religions to me. By Allah, there was no city more hateful to me than your city, but (now) your city has become the dearest of all cities to me. Your horsemen captured me when I intended going for Umra. Now what is your opinion (in the matter)? The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) announced good tidings to him and told him to go on 'Umra. When he reached Mecca, somebody said to him: Have you changed your religion? He said: No! I have rather embraced Islam with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). By Allah, you will not get a single grain of wheat from Yamama until it is permitted by the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)

The same tradition has been narrated by a different chain of transmitters with a slight difference in the wording

حدثنا محمد بن المثنى، حدثنا ابو بكر الحنفي، حدثني عبد الحميد بن جعفر، حدثني سعيد بن ابي سعيد المقبري، انه سمع ابا هريرة، يقول بعث رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم خيلا له نحو ارض نجد فجاءت برجل يقال له ثمامة بن اثال الحنفي سيد اهل اليمامة . وساق الحديث بمثل حديث الليث الا انه قال ان تقتلني تقتل ذا دم

It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira who said:We were (sitting) in the mosque when the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) came to us and said: (Let us) go to the Jews. We went out with him until we came to them. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) stood up and called out to them (saying): O ye assembly of Jews, accept Islam (and) you will be safe. They said: Abu'l-Qasim, you have communicated (God's Message to us). The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: I want this (i. e. you should admit that God's Message has been communicated to you), accept Islam and you would be safe. They said: Abu'l-Qisim, you have communicated (Allah's Message). The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: I want this... - He said to them (the same words) the third time (and on getting the same reply) he added: You should know that the earth belongs to Allah and His Apostle, and I wish that I should expel you from this land Those of you who have any property with them should sell it, otherwise they should know that the earth belongs to Allah and His Apostle (and they may have to go away leaving everything behind)

حدثنا قتيبة بن سعيد، حدثنا ليث، عن سعيد بن ابي سعيد، عن ابيه، عن ابي، هريرة انه قال بينا نحن في المسجد اذ خرج الينا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال " انطلقوا الى يهود " . فخرجنا معه حتى جيناهم فقام رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فناداهم فقال " يا معشر يهود اسلموا تسلموا " . فقالوا قد بلغت يا ابا القاسم . فقال لهم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم " ذلك اريد اسلموا تسلموا " . فقالوا قد بلغت يا ابا القاسم . فقال لهم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم " ذلك اريد " . فقال لهم الثالثة فقال " اعلموا انما الارض لله ورسوله واني اريد ان اجليكم من هذه الارض فمن وجد منكم بماله شييا فليبعه والا فاعلموا ان الارض لله ورسوله

It has been narrated on the authority of Ibn Umar that the Jews of Banu Nadir and Banu Quraiza fought against the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) who expelled Banu Nadir, and allowed Quraiza to stay on, and granted favour to them until they too fought against him Then he killed their men, and distributed their women, children and properties among the Muslims, except that some of them had joined the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) who granted them security. They embraced Islam. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) turned out all the Jews of Medina. Banu Qainuqa' (the tribe of 'Abdullah b. Salim) and the Jews of Banu Haritha and every other Jew who was in Medina

وحدثني محمد بن رافع، واسحاق بن منصور، قال ابن رافع حدثنا وقال، اسحاق اخبرنا عبد الرزاق، اخبرنا ابن جريج، عن موسى بن عقبة، عن نافع، عن ابن عمر، انالله عليه وسلم فاجلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بني النضير واقر قريظة ومن عليهم حتى حاربت قريظة بعد ذلك فقتل رجالهم وقسم نساءهم واولادهم واموالهم بين المسلمين الا ان بعضهم لحقوا برسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فامنهم واسلموا واجلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يهود المدينة كلهم بني قينقاع - وهم قوم عبد الله بن سلام - ويهود بني حارثة وكل يهودي كان بالمدينة

A similar hadith has been transmitted by a different chain of narrators, but the hadith narrated by Ibn Juraij is more detailed and complete

وحدثني ابو الطاهر، حدثنا عبد الله بن وهب، اخبرني حفص بن ميسرة، عن موسى، بهذا الاسناد هذا الحديث وحديث ابن جريج اكثر واتم

It has been narrated by 'Umar b. al-Khattib that he heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say:I will expel the Jews and Christians from the Arabian Peninsula and will not leave any but Muslim

وحدثني زهير بن حرب، حدثنا الضحاك بن مخلد، عن ابن جريج، ح وحدثني محمد بن رافع، - واللفظ له - حدثنا عبد الرزاق، اخبرنا ابن جريج، اخبرني ابو الزبير، انه سمع جابر بن عبد الله، يقول اخبرني عمر بن الخطاب، انه سمع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول " لاخرجن اليهود والنصارى من جزيرة العرب حتى لا ادع الا مسلما

This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Zubair with the same chain of transmitters

وحدثني زهير بن حرب، حدثنا روح بن عبادة، اخبرنا سفيان الثوري، ح وحدثني سلمة بن شبيب، حدثنا الحسن بن اعين، حدثنا معقل، - وهو ابن عبيد الله - كلاهما عن ابي الزبير، بهذا الاسناد مثله

It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Sa'id al-Khudri who said:The people of Quraiza surrendered accepting the decision of Sa'd b. Mu'adh about them. Accordingly, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sent for Sa'd who came to him riding a donkey. When he approached the mosque, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said to the Ansar: Stand up to receive your chieftain. Then he said (to Sa'd): These people have surrendered accepting your decision. He (Sa'd) said: You will kill their fighters and capture their women and children. (Hearing this), the Prophet (ﷺ) said: You have adjudged by the command of God. The narrator is reported to have said: Perhaps he said: You have adjudged by the decision of a king. Ibn Muthanna (in his version of the tradition) has not mentioned the alternative words

وحدثنا ابو بكر بن ابي شيبة، ومحمد بن المثنى، وابن، بشار - والفاظهم متقاربة - قال ابو بكر حدثنا غندر، عن شعبة، وقال الاخران، حدثنا محمد بن جعفر، حدثنا شعبة، - عن سعد بن ابراهيم، قال سمعت ابا امامة بن سهل بن حنيف، قال سمعت ابا سعيد، الخدري قال نزل اهل قريظة على حكم سعد بن معاذ فارسل رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم الى سعد فاتاه على حمار فلما دنا قريبا من المسجد قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم للانصار " قوموا الى سيدكم - او خيركم " . ثم قال " ان هولاء نزلوا على حكمك " . قال تقتل مقاتلتهم وتسبي ذريتهم . قال فقال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم " قضيت بحكم الله - وربما قال - قضيت بحكم الملك " . ولم يذكر ابن المثنى وربما قال " قضيت بحكم الملك

Through the same chain of transmitters Shu'ba has narrated the same tradition in which he says that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said (to Sa'd):You have adjudged according to the command of God. And once he said: you have adjudged by the decision of a king

وحدثنا زهير بن حرب، حدثنا عبد الرحمن بن مهدي، عن شعبة، بهذا الاسناد وقال في حديثه فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم " لقد حكمت فيهم بحكم الله " . وقال مرة " لقد حكمت بحكم الملك

It has been narrated on the authority of A'isha who said:Sa'd was wounded on the day of the Battle of the Ditch. A man from the Quraish called Ibn al-Ariqah shot at him an arrow which pierced the artery in the middle of his forearm. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) pitched a tent for him in the mosque and would inquire after him being in close proximity. When he returned from the Ditch and laid down his arms and took a bath, the angel Gabriel appeared to him and he was removing dust from his hair (as if he had just returned from the battle). The latter said: You have laid down arms. By God, we haven't (yet) laid them down. So march against them. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) asked: Where? He pointed to Banu Quraiza. So the Messenger of Allah (may peace he upon him) fought against them. They surrendered at the command of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), but he referred the decision about them to Sa'd who said: I decide about them that those of them who can fight be killed, their women and children taken prisoners and their properties distributed (among the Muslims)

وحدثنا ابو بكر بن ابي شيبة، ومحمد بن العلاء الهمداني، كلاهما عن ابن نمير، قال ابن العلاء حدثنا ابن نمير، حدثنا هشام، عن ابيه، عن عايشة، قالت اصيب سعد يوم الخندق رماه رجل من قريش يقال له ابن العرقة . رماه في الاكحل فضرب عليه رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم خيمة في المسجد يعوده من قريب فلما رجع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم من الخندق وضع السلاح فاغتسل فاتاه جبريل وهو ينفض راسه من الغبار فقال وضعت السلاح والله ما وضعناه اخرج اليهم . فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم " فاين " . فاشار الى بني قريظة فقاتلهم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فنزلوا على حكم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فرد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم الحكم فيهم الى سعد قال فاني احكم فيهم ان تقتل المقاتلة وان تسبى الذرية والنساء وتقسم اموالهم

It has been narrated on the authority of Hisham (who learnt it from his father) that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said (to Sa'd):You have adjudged their case with the judgment of God. the Exalted and Glorified

وحدثنا ابو كريب، حدثنا ابن نمير، حدثنا هشام، قال قال ابي فاخبرت ان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال " لقد حكمت فيهم بحكم الله عز وجل

It has been narrated on the authority of 'A'isha that Sa'd's wound became dry and was going to heal when he prayed:O God, surely Thou knowest that nothing is dearer to me than that I should fight for Thy cause against the people who disbeliever Your Messenger (ﷺ) and turned him out (from his native place). If anything yet remains to be decided from the war against the Quraish, spare my life so that I may fight against them in Thy cause. O Lord, I think Thou hast ended the war between us and them. If Thou hast done so, open my wound (so that it may discharge) and cause my death thereby. So the wound begin to bleed from the front part of his neck. The people were not scared except when the blood flowed towards them, and in the mosque along with Sa'd's tent was the tent of Banu Ghifar. They said: O people of the tent, what is it that is coming to us from you? Lo! it was Sa'd's wound that was bleeding and he died thereof

حدثنا ابو كريب، حدثنا ابن نمير، عن هشام، اخبرني ابي، عن عايشة، ان سعدا، قال وتحجر كلمه للبرء فقال اللهم انك تعلم ان ليس احد احب الى ان اجاهد فيك من قوم كذبوا رسولك صلى الله عليه وسلم واخرجوه اللهم فان كان بقي من حرب قريش شىء فابقني اجاهدهم فيك اللهم فاني اظن انك قد وضعت الحرب بيننا وبينهم فان كنت وضعت الحرب بيننا وبينهم فافجرها واجعل موتي فيها . فانفجرت من لبته فلم يرعهم - وفي المسجد معه خيمة من بني غفار - الا والدم يسيل اليهم فقالوا يا اهل الخيمة ما هذا الذي ياتينا من قبلكم فاذا سعد جرحه يغذ دما فمات منها