Sahih al-Bukhari — Prophetic Commentary on the Qur'an

Narrated `Urwa bin Az-Zubair:That he asked `Aisha regarding the Statement of Allah: "If you fear that you shall not be able to deal justly with the orphan girls..." (4.3) She said, "O son of my sister! An Orphan girl used to be under the care of a guardian with whom she shared property. Her guardian, being attracted by her wealth and beauty, would intend to marry her without giving her a just Mahr, i.e. the same Mahr as any other person might give her (in case he married her). So such guardians were forbidden to do that unless they did justice to their female wards and gave them the highest Mahr their peers might get. They were ordered (by Allah, to marry women of their choice other than those orphan girls." `Aisha added," The people asked Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) his instructions after the revelation of this Divine Verse whereupon Allah revealed: "They ask your instruction regarding women " (4.127) `Aisha further said, "And the Statement of Allah: "And yet whom you desire to marry." (4.127) as anyone of you refrains from marrying an orphan girl (under his guardianship) when she is lacking in property and beauty." `Aisha added, "So they were forbidden to marry those orphan girls for whose wealth and beauty they had a desire unless with justice, and that was because they would refrain from marrying them if they were lacking in property and beauty

حدثنا عبد العزيز بن عبد الله، حدثنا ابراهيم بن سعد، عن صالح بن كيسان، عن ابن شهاب، قال اخبرني عروة بن الزبير، انه سال عايشة عن قول الله، تعالى {وان خفتم ان لا تقسطوا في اليتامى}. فقالت يا ابن اختي، هذه اليتيمة تكون في حجر وليها، تشركه في ماله ويعجبه مالها وجمالها، فيريد وليها ان يتزوجها، بغير ان يقسط في صداقها، فيعطيها مثل ما يعطيها غيره، فنهوا عن ان ينكحوهن، الا ان يقسطوا لهن، ويبلغوا لهن اعلى سنتهن في الصداق، فامروا ان ينكحوا ما طاب لهم من النساء سواهن. قال عروة قالت عايشة وان الناس استفتوا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بعد هذه الاية فانزل الله {ويستفتونك في النساء} قالت عايشة وقول الله تعالى في اية اخرى {وترغبون ان تنكحوهن} رغبة احدكم عن يتيمته حين تكون قليلة المال والجمال قالت فنهوا ان ينكحوا عن من رغبوا في ماله وجماله في يتامى النساء، الا بالقسط، من اجل رغبتهم عنهن اذا كن قليلات المال والجمال

Narrated Aisha:regarding the Statement of Allah: "And whoever amongst the guardian is rich, he should take no wages, but if he is poor, let him have for himself what is just and reasonable (according to his work). This Verse was revealed regarding the orphan's property. If the guardian is poor, he can take from the property of the orphan, what is just and reasonable according to his work and the time he spends on managing it

حدثني اسحاق، اخبرنا عبد الله بن نمير، حدثنا هشام، عن ابيه، عن عايشة رضى الله عنها في قوله تعالى {ومن كان غنيا فليستعفف ومن كان فقيرا فلياكل بالمعروف} انها نزلت في مال اليتيم اذا كان فقيرا، انه ياكل منه مكان قيامه عليه، بمعروف

Narrated Ikrima:Ibn `Abbas said ( regarding the verse), "And when the relatives and the orphans and the poor are present at the time of division, "this verse and its order is valid and not abrogated

حدثنا احمد بن حميد، اخبرنا عبيد الله الاشجعي، عن سفيان، عن الشيباني، عن عكرمة، عن ابن عباس رضى الله عنهما {واذا حضر القسمة اولو القربى واليتامى والمساكين} قال هي محكمة وليست بمنسوخة. تابعه سعيد عن ابن عباس

Narrated Jabir:The Prophet (ﷺ) and Abu Bakr came on foot to pay me a visit (during my illness) at Banu Salama's (dwellings). The Prophet (ﷺ) found me unconscious, so he asked for water and performed the ablution from it and sprinkled some water over me. I came to my senses and said, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! What do you order me to do as regards my wealth?" So there was revealed:-- "Allah commands you as regards your children's (inheritance):

حدثنا ابراهيم بن موسى، حدثنا هشام، ان ابن جريج، اخبرهم قال اخبرني ابن منكدر، عن جابر رضى الله عنه قال عادني النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وابو بكر في بني سلمة ماشيين فوجدني النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم لا اعقل، فدعا بماء فتوضا منه، ثم رش على، فافقت فقلت ما تامرني ان اصنع في مالي يا رسول الله فنزلت {يوصيكم الله في اولادكم}

Narrated Ibn `Abbas:(In the Pre-Islamic Period ) the children used to inherit all the property but the parents used to inherit only through a will. So Allah cancelled that which He liked to cancel and put decreed that the share of a son was to be twice the share of a daughter, and for the parents one-sixth for each one of them, or one third, and for the wife one-eighth or one-fourth, and for the husband one-half, or one-fourth

حدثنا محمد بن يوسف، عن ورقاء، عن ابن ابي نجيح، عن عطاء، عن ابن عباس رضى الله عنهما قال كان المال للولد، وكانت الوصية للوالدين، فنسخ الله من ذلك ما احب، فجعل للذكر مثل حظ الانثيين، وجعل للابوين لكل واحد منهما السدس والثلث، وجعل للمراة الثمن والربع، وللزوج الشطر والربع

Narrated Ibn `Abbas:regarding the Divine Verse: "O you who believe! You are forbidden to inherit women against their will, and you should not treat them with harshness that you may take back part of the (Mahr) dower you have given them." (4.19) (Before this revelation) if a man died, his relatives used to have the right to inherit his wife, and one of them could marry her if he wished, or they would give her in marriage if they wished, or, if they wished, they would not give her in marriage at all, and they would be more entitled to dispose her, than her own relatives. So the above Verse was revealed in this connection

حدثنا محمد بن مقاتل، حدثنا اسباط بن محمد، حدثنا الشيباني، عن عكرمة، عن ابن عباس،. قال الشيباني وذكره ابو الحسن السوايي ولا اظنه ذكره الا عن ابن عباس، {يا ايها الذين امنوا لا يحل لكم ان ترثوا النساء كرها ولا تعضلوهن لتذهبوا ببعض ما اتيتموهن} قال كانوا اذا مات الرجل كان اولياوه احق بامراته، ان شاء بعضهم تزوجها، وان شاءوا زوجوها، وان شاءوا لم يزوجوها، فهم احق بها من اهلها، فنزلت هذه الاية في ذلك

Narrated Ibn `Abbas:Regarding the Verse: "To everyone, We have appointed heirs." (4.33) 'Mawali' means heirs. And regarding:-- "And those to whom your right hands have pledged." When the Emigrants came to Medina, an Emigrant used to be the heir of an Ansari with the exclusion of the latter's relatives, and that was because of the bond of brotherhood which the Prophet (ﷺ) had established between them (i.e. the Emigrants and the Ansar). So when the Verses:-- "To everyone We have appointed heirs." was revealed, (the inheritance through bond of brotherhood) was cancelled. Ibn `Abbas then said: "And those to whom your right hands have pledged." is concerned with the covenant of helping and advising each other. So allies are no longer to be the heir of each other, but they can bequeath each other some of their property by means of a will

حدثني الصلت بن محمد، حدثنا ابو اسامة، عن ادريس، عن طلحة بن مصرف، عن سعيد بن جبير، عن ابن عباس رضى الله عنهما {ولكل جعلنا موالي} قال ورثة. {والذين عاقدت ايمانكم} كان المهاجرون لما قدموا المدينة يرث المهاجر الانصاري دون ذوي رحمه للاخوة التي اخى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم بينهم فلما نزلت {ولكل جعلنا موالي} نسخت، ثم قال {والذين عاقدت ايمانكم } من النصر، والرفادة والنصيحة، وقد ذهب الميراث ويوصي له. سمع ابو اسامة ادريس، وسمع ادريس طلحة

Narrated Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri:During the lifetime of the Prophet (ﷺ) some people said, : O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! Shall we see our Lord on the Day of Resurrection?" The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Yes; do you have any difficulty in seeing the sun at midday when it is bright and there is no cloud in the sky?" They replied, "No." He said, "Do you have any difficulty in seeing the moon on a full moon night when it is bright and there is no cloud in the sky?" They replied, "No." The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "(Similarly) you will have no difficulty in seeing Allah on the Day of Resurrection as you have no difficulty in seeing either of them. On the Day of Resurrection, a call-maker will announce, "Let every nation follow that which they used to worship." Then none of those who used to worship anything other than Allah like idols and other deities but will fall in Hell (Fire), till there will remain none but those who used to worship Allah, both those who were obedient (i.e. good) and those who were disobedient (i.e. bad) and the remaining party of the people of the Scripture. Then the Jews will be called upon and it will be said to them, 'Who did you use to worship?' They will say, 'We used to worship Ezra, the son of Allah.' It will be said to them, 'You are liars, for Allah has never taken anyone as a wife or a son. What do you want now?' They will say, 'O our Lord! We are thirsty, so give us something to drink.' They will be directed and addressed thus, 'Will you drink,' whereupon they will be gathered unto Hell (Fire) which will look like a mirage whose different sides will be destroying each other. Then they will fall into the Fire. Afterwards the Christians will be called upon and it will be said to them, 'Who did you use to worship?' They will say, 'We used to worship Jesus, the son of Allah.' It will be said to them, 'You are liars, for Allah has never taken anyone as a wife or a son,' Then it will be said to them, 'What do you want?' They will say what the former people have said. Then, when there remain (in the gathering) none but those who used to worship Allah (Alone, the real Lord of the Worlds) whether they were obedient or disobedient. Then (Allah) the Lord of the worlds will come to them in a shape nearest to the picture they had in their minds about Him. It will be said, 'What are you waiting for?' Every nation has followed what they used to worship.' They will reply, 'We left the people in the world when we were in great need of them and we did not take them as friends. Now we are waiting for our Lord Whom we used to worship.' Allah will say, 'I am your Lord.' They will say twice or thrice, 'We do not worship any besides Allah

Narrated `Abdullah bin Masud:Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said to me, "Recite (of the Qur'an) for me," I said, "Shall I recite it to you although it had been revealed to you?" He said, "I like to hear (the Qur'an) from others." So I recited Surat-an- Nisa' till I reached: "How (will it be) then when We bring from each nation a witness, and We bring you (O Muhammad) as a witness against these people?" (4.41) Then he said, "Stop!" And behold, his eyes were overflowing with tears

حدثنا صدقة، اخبرنا يحيى، عن سفيان، عن سليمان، عن ابراهيم، عن عبيدة، عن عبد الله، قال يحيى بعض الحديث عن عمرو بن مرة، قال قال لي النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم " اقرا على ". قلت اقرا عليك وعليك انزل قال " فاني احب ان اسمعه من غيري ". فقرات عليه سورة النساء حتى بلغت {فكيف اذا جينا من كل امة بشهيد وجينا بك على هولاء شهيدا} قال " امسك ". فاذا عيناه تذرفان

Narrated `Aisha:The necklace of Asma' was lost, so the Prophet (ﷺ) sent some men to look for it. The time for the prayer became due and they had not performed ablution and could not find water, so they offered the prayer without ablution. Then Allah revealed (the Verse of Tayammum)

حدثنا محمد، اخبرنا عبدة، عن هشام، عن ابيه، عن عايشة رضى الله عنها قالت هلكت قلادة لاسماء فبعث النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في طلبها، رجالا فحضرت الصلاة وليسوا على وضوء. ولم يجدوا ماء، فصلوا وهم على غير وضوء، فانزل الله. يعني اية التيمم

Narrated Ibn `Abbas:The Verse: "Obey Allah and Obey the Apostle and those of you (Muslims) who are in authority." (4.59) was revealed in connection with `Abdullah bin Hudhafa bin Qais bin `Adi' when the Prophet (ﷺ) appointed him as the commander of a Sariyya (army detachment)

حدثنا صدقة بن الفضل، اخبرنا حجاج بن محمد، عن ابن جريج، عن يعلى بن مسلم، عن سعيد بن جبير، عن ابن عباس رضى الله عنهما {اطيعوا الله واطيعوا الرسول واولي الامر منكم}. قال نزلت في عبد الله بن حذافة بن قيس بن عدي، اذ بعثه النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في سرية

Narrated `Urwa:Az-Zubair quarrelled with a man from the Ansar because of a natural mountainous stream at Al-Harra. The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "O Zubair! Irrigate (your lands) and then let the water flow to your neighbor." The Ansar said, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) (This is because) he (Zubair) is your cousin?" At that, the Prophet's face became red (with anger) and he said "O Zubair! Irrigate (your land) and then withhold the water till it fills the land up to the walls and then let it flow to your neighbor." So the Prophet (ﷺ) enabled Az-Zubair to take his full right after the Ansari provoked his anger. The Prophet (ﷺ) had previously given an order that was in favor of both of them Az-Zubair said, "I don't think but the Verse was revealed in this connection: "But no, by your Lord, they can have no faith, until they make you judge in all disputes between them

حدثنا علي بن عبد الله، حدثنا محمد بن جعفر، اخبرنا معمر، عن الزهري، عن عروة، قال خاصم الزبير رجلا من الانصار في شريج من الحرة، فقال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم " اسق يا زبير ثم ارسل الماء الى جارك ". فقال الانصاري يا رسول الله ان كان ابن عمتك فتلون وجهه ثم قال " اسق يا زبير ثم احبس الماء حتى يرجع الى الجدر، ثم ارسل الماء الى جارك ". واستوعى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم للزبير حقه في صريح الحكم حين احفظه الانصاري، كان اشار عليهما بامر لهما فيه سعة. قال الزبير فما احسب هذه الايات الا نزلت في ذلك {فلا وربك لا يومنون حتى يحكموك فيما شجر بينهم}

Narrated `Aisha:I heard Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) saying, "No prophet gets sick but he is given the choice to select either this world or the Hereafter." `Aisha added: During his fatal illness, his voice became very husky and I heard him saying: "In the company of those whom is the Grace of Allah, of the prophets, the Siddiqin (those followers of the prophets who were first and foremost to believe in them), the martyrs and the pious.' (4.69) And from this I came to know that he has been given the option

حدثنا محمد بن عبد الله بن حوشب، حدثنا ابراهيم بن سعد، عن ابيه، عن عروة، عن عايشة رضى الله عنها قالت سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول " ما من نبي يمرض الا خير بين الدنيا والاخرة ". وكان في شكواه الذي قبض فيه اخذته بحة شديدة فسمعته يقول {مع الذين انعم الله عليهم من النبيين والصديقين والشهداء والصالحين} فعلمت انه خير

Narrated Ibn `Abbas:My mother and I were among the weak and oppressed (Muslims at Mecca)

حدثني عبد الله بن محمد، حدثنا سفيان، عن عبيد الله، قال سمعت ابن عباس، قال كنت انا وامي، من المستضعفين

Narrated Ibn Abi Mulaika:Ibn `Abbas recited:-- "Except the weak ones among men women and children," (4.98) and said, "My mother and I were among those whom Allah had excused

حدثنا سليمان بن حرب، حدثنا حماد بن زيد، عن ايوب، عن ابن ابي مليكة، ان ابن عباس، تلا {لا المستضعفين من الرجال والنساء والولدان} قال كنت انا وامي ممن عذر الله. ويذكر عن ابن عباس {حصرت} ضاقت {تلووا} السنتكم بالشهادة. وقال غيره المراغم المهاجر. راغمت هاجرت قومي. {موقوتا} موقتا وقته عليهم

Narrated Zaid bin Thabit:Regarding the Verse:-- "Then what is the matter with you that you are divided into two parties about the hypocrites?" (4.88) Some of the companions of the Prophet (ﷺ) returned from the battle of Uhud (i.e. refused to fight) whereupon the Muslims got divided into two parties; one of them was in favor of their execution and the other was not in favour of it. So there was revealed: "Then what is the matter with you that you are divided into two parties about the hypocrites?" (4.88). Then the Prophet (ﷺ) said "It (i.e. Medina) is Taybah (good), it expels impurities as the fire expels the impurities of silver

حدثني محمد بن بشار، حدثنا غندر، وعبد الرحمن، قالا حدثنا شعبة، عن عدي، عن عبد الله بن يزيد، عن زيد بن ثابت رضى الله عنه {فما لكم في المنافقين فيتين} رجع ناس من اصحاب النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم من احد، وكان الناس فيهم فرقتين فريق يقول اقتلهم. وفريق يقول لا فنزلت {فما لكم في المنافقين فيتين} وقال " انها طيبة تنفي الخبث كما تنفي النار خبث الفضة

Narrated Sa`id bin Jubair:The people of Kufa disagreed (disputed) about the above Verse. So I went to Ibn `Abbas and asked him about it. He said, "This Verse:-- "And whoever kills a believer intentionally, his recompense is Hell." was revealed last of all (concerning premeditated murder) and nothing abrogated it

حدثنا ادم بن ابي اياس، حدثنا شعبة، حدثنا مغيرة بن النعمان، قال سمعت سعيد بن جبير، قال {اية} اختلف فيها اهل الكوفة، فرحلت فيها الى ابن عباس فسالته عنها فقال نزلت هذه الاية {ومن يقتل مومنا متعمدا فجزاوه جهنم} هي اخر ما نزل وما نسخها شىء

Narrated Ibn `Abbas:Regarding the Verse: "And say not to anyone who offers you peace (by accepting Islam), You are not a believer." There was a man amidst his sheep. The Muslims pursued him, and he said (to them) "Peace be on you." But they killed him and took over his sheep. Thereupon Allah revealed in that concern, the above Verse up to:-- "...seeking the perishable good of this life." (4.94) i.e. those sheep

حدثني علي بن عبد الله، حدثنا سفيان، عن عمرو، عن عطاء، عن ابن عباس رضى الله عنهما {ولا تقولوا لمن القى اليكم السلام لست مومنا}. قال قال ابن عباس كان رجل في غنيمة له فلحقه المسلمون فقال السلام عليكم، فقتلوه واخذوا غنيمته، فانزل الله في ذلك الى قوله {عرض الحياة الدنيا} تلك الغنيمة. قال قرا ابن عباس السلام

Narrated Zaid bin Thabit:That the Prophet (ﷺ) dictated to him: "Not equal are those of the believers who sit (at home) and those who strive and fight in the Cause of Allah." Zaid added: Ibn Um Maktum came while the Prophet (ﷺ) was dictating to me and said, "O Allah's Apostle! By Allah, if I had the power to fight (in Allah's Cause), I would," and he was a blind man. So Allah revealed to His Apostle while his thigh was on my thigh, and his thigh became so heavy that I was afraid it might fracture my thigh. Then that state of the Prophet (ﷺ) passed and Allah revealed:-- "Except those who are disabled (by injury or are blind or lame etc)

حدثنا اسماعيل بن عبد الله، قال حدثني ابراهيم بن سعد، عن صالح بن كيسان، عن ابن شهاب، قال حدثني سهل بن سعد الساعدي، انه راى مروان بن الحكم في المسجد، فاقبلت حتى جلست الى جنبه، فاخبرنا ان زيد بن ثابت اخبره ان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم املى عليه لا يستوي القاعدون من المومنين والمجاهدون في سبيل الله فجاءه ابن ام مكتوم وهو يملها على قال يا رسول الله، والله لو استطيع الجهاد لجاهدت وكان اعمى فانزل الله على رسوله صلى الله عليه وسلم وفخذه على فخذي، فثقلت على حتى خفت ان ترض فخذي، ثم سري عنه، فانزل الله {غير اولي الضرر}

Narrated Al-Bara:When the Verse:-- "Not equal are those of the believers who sit (at home)" (4.95) was revealed, Allah's Apostle called for Zaid who wrote it. In the meantime Ibn Um Maktum came and complained of his blindness, so Allah revealed: "Except those who are disabled (by injury or are blind or lame..." etc)

حدثنا حفص بن عمر، حدثنا شعبة، عن ابي اسحاق، عن البراء رضى الله عنه قال لما نزلت {لا يستوي القاعدون من المومنين} دعا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم زيدا فكتبها، فجاء ابن ام مكتوم فشكا ضرارته، فانزل الله {غير اولي الضرر}