Muwatta Imam Malik — Fasting

Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu'z-Zinad from al-Araj from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Beware of wisal. Beware of wisal." They said, "But you practise wisal, Messenger of Allah." He replied, "I am not the same as you. My Lord feeds me and gives me to drink

وحدثني عن مالك، عن ابي الزناد، عن الاعرج، عن ابي هريرة، ان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال " اياكم والوصال اياكم والوصال " . قالوا فانك تواصل يا رسول الله . قال " اني لست كهييتكم اني ابيت يطعمني ربي ويسقيني

قال مالك وبلغني عن سليمان بن يسار، مثل ذلك . قال مالك من مات وعليه نذر من رقبة يعتقها او صيام او صدقة او بدنة فاوصى بان يوفى ذلك عنه من ماله فان الصدقة والبدنة في ثلثه وهو يبدى على ما سواه من الوصايا الا ما كان مثله وذلك انه ليس الواجب عليه من النذور وغيرها كهيية ما يتطوع به مما ليس بواجب وانما يجعل ذلك في ثلثه خاصة دون راس ماله لانه لو جاز له ذلك في راس ماله لاخر المتوفى مثل ذلك من الامور الواجبة عليه حتى اذا حضرته الوفاة وصار المال لورثته سمى مثل هذه الاشياء التي لم يكن يتقاضاها منه متقاض فلو كان ذلك جايزا له اخر هذه الاشياء حتى اذا كان عند موته سماها وعسى ان يحيط بجميع ماله فليس ذلك له

قال مالك وبلغني عن سليمان بن يسار، مثل ذلك . قال مالك من مات وعليه نذر من رقبة يعتقها او صيام او صدقة او بدنة فاوصى بان يوفى ذلك عنه من ماله فان الصدقة والبدنة في ثلثه وهو يبدى على ما سواه من الوصايا الا ما كان مثله وذلك انه ليس الواجب عليه من النذور وغيرها كهيية ما يتطوع به مما ليس بواجب وانما يجعل ذلك في ثلثه خاصة دون راس ماله لانه لو جاز له ذلك في راس ماله لاخر المتوفى مثل ذلك من الامور الواجبة عليه حتى اذا حضرته الوفاة وصار المال لورثته سمى مثل هذه الاشياء التي لم يكن يتقاضاها منه متقاض فلو كان ذلك جايزا له اخر هذه الاشياء حتى اذا كان عند موته سماها وعسى ان يحيط بجميع ماله فليس ذلك له

Hadith Translation Not available

وحدثني عن مالك، انه بلغه ان عبد الله بن عمر، كان يسال هل يصوم احد عن احد، او يصلي احد عن احد، فيقول لا يصوم احد عن احد، ولا يصلي احد عن احد

Yahya related to me from Malik from Zayd ibn Aslam from his brother Khalid ibn Aslam that Umar ibn al-Khattab once broke thefast on a cloudy day thinking that evening had come and the sun had set. Then a man came to him and said, "Amir al-muminin, the sun has come out,'' and Umar said, "That's an easy matter. It was our deduction (ijtihad)." Malik said, "According to what we think, and Allah knows best, what he was referring to when he said, 'That's an easy matter' was making up the fast, and how slight the effort involved was and how easy it was. He was saying (in effect), 'We will fast another day in its place

حدثني يحيى، عن مالك، عن زيد بن اسلم، عن اخيه، خالد بن اسلم ان عمر بن الخطاب، افطر ذات يوم في رمضان في يوم ذي غيم وراى انه قد امسى وغابت الشمس . فجاءه رجل فقال يا امير المومنين طلعت الشمس . فقال عمر الخطب يسير وقد اجتهدنا . قال مالك يريد بقوله الخطب يسير القضاء فيما نرى - والله اعلم - وخفة موونته ويسارته يقول نصوم يوما مكانه

Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Abdullah ibn Umar used to say, "Someone who breaks the fast in Ramadan because he is ill or travelling should make up the days he has missed consecutively

وحدثني عن مالك، عن نافع، ان عبد الله بن عمر، كان يقول يصوم قضاء رمضان متتابعا من افطره من مرض او في سفر

Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibr Shihab that Abdullah ibn Abbas and Abu Hurayra differed about making up days missed in Ramadan. One of them said that they were done separately and the other said that they were done consecutively. He did not know which one of them it was who said that they were done separately

وحدثني عن مالك، عن ابن شهاب، ان عبد الله بن عباس، وابا، هريرة اختلفا في قضاء رمضان فقال احدهما يفرق بينه . وقال الاخر لا يفرق بينه . لا ادري ايهما قال يفرق بينه

Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Abdullah ibn Umar used to say, "If some one makes himself vomit while he is fasting he has to make up a day, but if he cannot help vomiting he does not have to make up anything

وحدثني عن مالك، عن نافع، عن عبد الله بن عمر، انه كان يقول من استقاء وهو صايم فعليه القضاء ومن ذرعه القىء فليس عليه القضاء

Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said that he heard Said ibn al Musayyab being asked about making up days missed in Ramadan, and Said said, "What I like best is for days missed in Ramadan to be made up consecutively, and not separately." Yahya said that he had heard Malik say, about some one who made up the days he had missed in Ramadan separately, that he did not have to repeat them. (What he had done) was enough for him. It was, however, preferable, if he did them consecutively. Malik said, "Whoever eats or drinks thoughtlessly or forgetfully in Ramadan or during any other obligatory fast that he must do, has to fast another day in its place

وحدثني عن مالك، عن يحيى بن سعيد، انه سمع سعيد بن المسيب، يسال عن قضاء، رمضان فقال سعيد احب الى ان لا يفرق قضاء رمضان وان يواتر . قال يحيى سمعت مالكا يقول فيمن فرق قضاء رمضان فليس عليه اعادة وذلك مجزي عنه واحب ذلك الى ان يتابعه . قال مالك من اكل او شرب في رمضان ساهيا او ناسيا او ما كان من صيام واجب عليه ان عليه قضاء يوم مكانه

Yahya related to me from Malik that Humayd ibn Oays al-Makki told him, "I was with Mujahid while he was performing tawaf around the Kaba, and a man came to him and asked whether the days (of fasting) for kaffara had to be fasted consecutively, or could they be split up. I said to him, 'Yes, they can be split up, if the person so wishes.' Mujahid said, 'He should not split them up, because in Ubayy ibn Kab's recitation they are referred to as three consecutive days.' " Malik said, "What I like most is what Allah has specified in the Qur'an, that is, that they are fasted consecutively." Malik was asked about a woman who began the day fasting in Ramadan and though it was outside of the time of her period, fresh blood (i.e. not menstrual blood) flowed from her. She then waited until evening to see the same, but did not see anything.Then, on the next day in the morning she had anotherflow, though less than the first. Then, some days before her period, the flow stopped completely. Malik was asked what she should do about her fasting and prayer, and he said, "This blood is like menstrual blood. When she sees it she should break her fast, and then make up the days she has missed. Then, when the blood has completely stopped, she should do ghusl and fast." Malik was asked whether someone who became muslim on the last day of Ramadan had to make up all of Ramadan or whether he just had to make up the day when he became muslim, and he said, "He does not have to make up any of the days that have passed. He begins fasting from that day onwards. What I like most is that he makes up the day on which he became muslim

وحدثني عن مالك، عن حميد بن قيس المكي، انه اخبره قال كنت مع مجاهد وهو يطوف بالبيت فجاءه انسان فساله عن صيام ايام الكفارة امتتابعات ام يقطعها قال حميد فقلت له نعم يقطعها ان شاء . قال مجاهد لا يقطعها فانها في قراءة ابى بن كعب ثلاثة ايام متتابعات . قال مالك واحب الى ان يكون ما سمى الله في القران يصام متتابعا . وسيل مالك عن المراة تصبح صايمة في رمضان فتدفع دفعة من دم عبيط في غير اوان حيضها ثم تنتظر حتى تمسي ان ترى مثل ذلك فلا ترى شييا ثم تصبح يوما اخر فتدفع دفعة اخرى وهي دون الاولى ثم ينقطع ذلك عنها قبل حيضتها بايام فسيل مالك كيف تصنع في صيامها وصلاتها قال مالك ذلك الدم من الحيضة فاذا راته فلتفطر ولتقض ما افطرت فاذا ذهب عنها الدم فلتغتسل وتصوم . وسيل عمن اسلم في اخر يوم من رمضان هل عليه قضاء رمضان كله او يجب عليه قضاء اليوم الذي اسلم فيه فقال ليس عليه قضاء ما مضى وانما يستانف الصيام فيما يستقبل واحب الى ان يقضي اليوم الذي اسلم فيه

Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab that A'isha and Hafsa, the wives of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, began fasting voluntarily one morning and then food was given to them and they broke their fast with it. Then the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, came in. A'isha said, "Hafsa asked, anticipating me in speech - she took after her father Umar - 'Messenger of Allah, A'isha and I began the morning fasting voluntarily and then food was given us and we broke the fast with it.' The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'Fast another day in its place

حدثني يحيى، عن مالك، عن ابن شهاب، ان عايشة، وحفصة، زوجى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم اصبحتا صايمتين متطوعتين فاهدي لهما طعام فافطرتا عليه فدخل عليهما رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قالت عايشة فقالت حفصة وبدرتني بالكلام - وكانت بنت ابيها - يا رسول الله اني اصبحت انا وعايشة صايمتين متطوعتين فاهدي الينا طعام فافطرنا عليه . فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم " اقضيا مكانه يوما اخر

Yahya said that he heard Malik say, "Someone who eats or drinks out of neglect or forgetfulness during a voluntary fast does not have to repeat his fast, but he should continue fasting for the rest of the day in which he eats or drinks while voluntarily fasting, and not stop fasting. Someone to whom something unexpected happens which causes him to break his fast while he is fasting voluntarily does not have to repeat his fast if he has broken it for a reason, and not simply because he decided to break his fast. Just as I do not think that someone has to repeat a voluntary prayer if he has had to stop it because of some discharge which he could prevent and which meant that he had to repeat his wudu." Malik said, "Once a man has begun doing any of the right actions (al-amal as-saliha) such as the prayer, the fast and the hajj, or similar right actions of a voluntary nature, he should not stop until he has completed it according to what the sunna for that action is. If he says the takbir he should not stop until he has prayed two rakas. If he is fasting he should not break his fast until he has completed that day's fast. If he goes into ihram he should not return until he has completed his hajj, and if he begins doing tawaf he should not stop doing so until he has gone around the Kaba seven times. He should not stop doing any of these actions once he has started them until he has completed them, except if something happens such as illness or some other matter by which a man is excused. This is because Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, says in His Book, 'And eat and drink until the white thread becomes clear to you from the black thread of dawn, (and) then complete the fast until night-time,' (Sura 2 ayat 187), and so he must complete his fast as Allah has said. Allah, the Exalted, (also) says, 'And complete the hajj and the umra for Allah,' and so if a man were to go into ihram for a voluntary hajj having done his one obligatory hajj (on a previous occasion), he could not then stop doing his hajj having once begun it and leave ihram while in the middle of his hajj. Anyone that begins a voluntary act must complete it once he has begun doing it, just as an obligatory act must be completed . This is the best of what I have heard." Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Anas ibn Malik used to pay fidya when he had grown old and could no longer manage to do the fast. Malik said, "I do not consider that to do so is obligatory, but what I like most is that a man does the fast when he is strong enough. Whoever pays compensation gives one mudd of food in place of every day, using the mudd of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace

Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Abdullah ibn Umar was asked about what a pregnant woman should do if the fast became difficult for her and she feared for her child, and he said, "She should break the fast and feed a poor man one mudd of wheat in place of every day, using the mudd of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace." Malik said, "The people of knowledge consider that she has to make up for each day of the fast that she misses as Allah, the Exalted and Glorified, says, 'And whoever of you is sick or on a journey should fast an equal number of other days, ' and they consider her pregnancy and her concern for her child as a sickness

وحدثني عن مالك، انه بلغه ان عبد الله بن عمر، سيل عن المراة الحامل، اذا خافت على ولدها واشتد عليها الصيام قال تفطر وتطعم مكان كل يوم مسكينا مدا من حنطة بمد النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم . قال مالك واهل العلم يرون عليها القضاء كما قال الله عز وجل {فمن كان منكم مريضا او على سفر فعدة من ايام اخر} ويرون ذلك مرضا من الامراض مع الخوف على ولدها

Yahya related to me from Malik from Abd ar-Rahman ibn al-Qasim that his father used to say, "If someone has to make up for days not fasted in Ramadan and does not do them before the next Ramadan comes although he is strong enough to do so, he should feed a poor man with a mudd of wheat for every day that he has missed, and he has to fast the days he owes as well." Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard the same thing from Said ibn Jubayr

وحدثني عن مالك، عن عبد الرحمن بن القاسم، عن ابيه، انه كان يقول من كان عليه قضاء رمضان فلم يقضه - وهو قوي على صيامه - حتى جاء رمضان اخر فانه يطعم مكان كل يوم مسكينا مدا من حنطة وعليه مع ذلك القضاء . وحدثني عن مالك، انه بلغه عن سعيد بن جبير، مثل ذلك

Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said from Abu Salama ibn Abd ar-Rahman that he heard A'isha, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, "I used to have to make up days from Ramadan and not be able to do them until Shaban came

حدثني يحيى، عن مالك، عن يحيى بن سعيد، عن ابي سلمة بن عبد الرحمن، انه سمع عايشة، زوج النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم تقول ان كان ليكون على الصيام من رمضان فما استطيع اصومه حتى ياتي شعبان

Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard the people of knowledge telling people not to fast on the day in Shaban when there was doubt (about whether it was Shaban or Ramadan), if they intended by it the fast of Ramadan . They considered that whoever fasted on that day without having seen (the new moon) had to make up that day if it later became clear that it was part of Ramadan. They did not see any harm in voluntary fasting on that day. Malik said, "This is what we do, and what I have seen the people of knowledge in our city doing." Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu'n Nadr, the mawla of Umar ibn Ubaydullah, from Abu Salama ibn Abd ar-Rahman that A'isha, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, used to fast for so long that we thought he would never stop fasting, and he would go without fasting for so long that we thought he would never fast again. I never saw the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, fast for a complete month except for Ramadan, and I never saw him do more fasting in any one month than he did in Shaban

حدثني يحيى، عن مالك، عن ابي النضر، مولى عمر بن عبيد الله عن ابي سلمة بن عبد الرحمن، عن عايشة، زوج النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم انها قالت كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يصوم حتى نقول لا يفطر ويفطر حتى نقول لا يصوم وما رايت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم استكمل صيام شهر قط الا رمضان وما رايته في شهر اكثر صياما منه في شعبان

Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu'z Zinad from al-A'raj from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Fasting is a protection for you, so when you are fasting, do not behave obscenely or foolishly, and if any one argues with you or abuses you, say, 'I am fasting. I am fasting

وحدثني عن مالك، عن ابي الزناد، عن الاعرج، عن ابي هريرة، ان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال " الصيام جنة فاذا كان احدكم صايما فلا يرفث ولا يجهل فان امرو قاتله او شاتمه فليقل اني صايم اني صايم

Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu'z Zinad from al-Araj from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "By the One in Whose hand my self is, the smell of the breath of a man fasting is better with Allah than the scent of musk.' He leaves his desires and his food and drink for My sake. Fasting is for Me and I reward it. Every good action is rewarded by ten times its kind, up to seven hundred times, except fasting, which is for Me, and I reward it

وحدثني عن مالك، عن ابي الزناد، عن الاعرج، عن ابي هريرة، ان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال " والذي نفسي بيده لخلوف فم الصايم اطيب عند الله من ريح المسك انما يذر شهوته وطعامه وشرابه من اجلي فالصيام لي وانا اجزي به كل حسنة بعشر امثالها الى سبعماية ضعف الا الصيام فهو لي وانا اجزي به

Yahya related to me from Malik from his paternal uncle Abu Suhayl ibn Malik from his father that Abu Hurayra said, "When Ramadan comes the gates of the Garden are opened and the gates of the Fire are locked, and the shayatin are chained

وحدثني عن مالك، عن عمه ابي سهيل بن مالك، عن ابيه، عن ابي هريرة، انه قال اذا دخل رمضان فتحت ابواب الجنة وغلقت ابواب النار وصفدت الشياطين