Muwatta Imam Malik — Fasting

Yahya related to me that Malik had seen that the people of knowledge used to like to pay the zakat al-fitr after dawn had broken on the day of the Fitr before they went to the place of prayer. Malik said, "There is leeway in this, if Allah wills, in that it can be paid either before setting out (for the prayer) on the day of Fitr or afterwards." Yahya related to me that Malik said, "A man does not have to pay zakat for the slaves of his slaves, or for some one employed by him, or for his wife's slaves, except for anyone who serves him and whose services are indispensable to him, in which case he must pay zakat. He does not have to pay zakat for any of his slaves that are kafir and have not become muslim, whether they be for trade or otherwise." Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi from Abdullah ibn Umar that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, once mentioned Ramadan and said, "Do not begin the fast until you see the new moon, and do not break the fast (at the end of Ramadan) until you see it. If the new moon is obscured from you, then work out (when it should be)

حدثني يحيى، عن مالك، عن نافع، عن عبد الله بن عمر، ان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ذكر رمضان فقال " لا تصوموا حتى تروا الهلال ولا تفطروا حتى تروه فان غم عليكم فاقدروا له

Yahya related to me from Malik from Abdullah ibn Dinar from Abdullah ibn Umar that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "A month has twenty-nine days in it. Do not start the fast or break it until you see the new moon. If the new moon is obscured from you, then work out (when it should be)

وحدثني عن مالك، عن عبد الله بن دينار، عن عبد الله بن عمر، ان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال " الشهر تسع وعشرون فلا تصوموا حتى تروا الهلال ولا تفطروا حتى تروه فان غم عليكم فاقدروا له

Yahya related to me from Malik from Thawr ibn Zayd ad-Dili from Abdullah ibn Abbas that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, once mentioned Ramadan and said, "Do not start the fast or break it until you see the new moon. If the new moon is obscured from you, then complete a full thirty days

وحدثني عن مالك، عن ثور بن زيد الديلي، عن عبد الله بن عباس، ان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ذكر رمضان فقال " لا تصوموا حتى تروا الهلال ولا تفطروا حتى تروه فان غم عليكم فاكملوا العدة ثلاثين

Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that once in the time of Uthman ibn Affan the new moon had been seen in the afternoon and Uthman did not break his fast until evening had come and the sun had set. Yahya said that he had heard Malik say that some one who sees the new moon of Ramadan when he is on his own should start the fast and not break it if he knows that that day is part of Ramadan. He added, "Some one who sees the new moon of Shawwal when he is on his own does not break the fast, because people suspect the reliability of someone among them who breaks the fast. Such people should say, when they sight the new moon, 'We have seen the new moon.' Whoever sees the new moon of Shawwal during the day should not break his fast but should continue fasting for the rest of that day. This is because it is really the new moon of the night that is coming ." Yahya said that he heard Malik say, "If people are fasting on the day of Fitr thinking that it is still Ramadan and then definite evidence comes to them that the new moon of Ramadan had been seen one day before they began to fast and that they are now into the thirty- first day, then they should break the fast on that day at whatever time the news comes to them. However, they do not pray the id prayer if they hear the news after the sun has begun to decline

وحدثني عن مالك، انه بلغه ان الهلال، ريي في زمان عثمان بن عفان بعشي فلم يفطر عثمان حتى امسى وغابت الشمس . قال يحيى سمعت مالكا يقول في الذي يرى هلال رمضان وحده انه يصوم لا ينبغي له ان يفطر وهو يعلم ان ذلك اليوم من رمضان . قال ومن راى هلال شوال وحده فانه لا يفطر لان الناس يتهمون على ان يفطر منهم من ليس مامونا ويقول اوليك اذا ظهر عليهم قد راينا الهلال ومن راى هلال شوال نهارا فلا يفطر ويتم صيام يومه ذلك فانما هو هلال الليلة التي تاتي . قال يحيى وسمعت مالكا يقول اذا صام الناس يوم الفطر - وهم يظنون انه من رمضان - فجاءهم ثبت ان هلال رمضان قد ريي قبل ان يصوموا بيوم وان يومهم ذلك احد وثلاثون فانهم يفطرون في ذلك اليوم اية ساعة جاءهم الخبر غير انهم لا يصلون صلاة العيد ان كان ذلك جاءهم بعد زوال الشمس

Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Abdullah ibn Umar used to say, "Only some one who makes the intention to fast before dawn (actually) fasts

حدثني يحيى، عن مالك، عن نافع، عن عبد الله بن عمر، انه كان يقول لا يصوم الا من اجمع الصيام قبل الفجر

Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab that A'isha and Hafsa, the wives of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, also said that

وحدثني عن مالك، عن ابن شهاب، عن عايشة، وحفصة، زوجى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم بمثل ذلك

Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu Hazim ibn Dinar from Sahl ibn Sad as Saidi that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "People will remain in good as long as they are quick to break the fast

حدثني يحيى، عن مالك، عن ابي حازم بن دينار، عن سهل بن سعد الساعدي، ان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال " لا يزال الناس بخير ما عجلوا الفطر

Yahya related to me from Malik from Abd ar-Rahman ibn Harmala al- Aslami from Said ibn al-Musayyab that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "People will remain in good as long as they are quick to break the fast

وحدثني عن مالك، عن عبد الرحمن بن حرملة الاسلمي، عن سعيد بن المسيب، ان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال " لا يزال الناس بخير ما عجلوا الفطر

Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from Humayd ibn Abd ar-Rahman that Umar ibn al-Khattab and Uthman ibn Affan would pray maghrib when they saw the night darkening, before they broke their fast, and that was during Ramadan

وحدثني عن مالك، عن ابن شهاب، عن حميد بن عبد الرحمن، ان عمر بن الخطاب، وعثمان بن عفان، كانا يصليان المغرب حين ينظران الى الليل الاسود قبل ان يفطرا ثم يفطران بعد الصلاة وذلك في رمضان

Yahya related to me from Malik from Abdullah ibn Abd ar-Rahman ibn Mamar al-Ansari from Abu Yunus, the mawla of A'isha, from A'isha that she overheard a man standing at the door saying to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, "Messenger of Allah, I get up in the morning junub, in a state of major ritual impurity, and want to fast," and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "I too get up in the morning junub and want to fast, so I do ghusl and fast." The man said to him, "You are not the same as us. Allah has forgiven you all your wrong actions that have gone before and those that have come after." The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, got angry and said, "By Allah, I hope that I am the most fearful of you with respect to Allah and the most knowledgeable of you in how I have taqwa

حدثني يحيى، عن مالك، عن عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن بن معمر الانصاري، عن ابي يونس، مولى عايشة عن عايشة، ان رجلا، قال لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وهو واقف على الباب وانا اسمع يا رسول الله اني اصبح جنبا وانا اريد الصيام . فقال صلى الله عليه وسلم " وانا اصبح جنبا وانا اريد الصيام فاغتسل واصوم " . فقال له الرجل يا رسول الله انك لست مثلنا قد غفر الله لك ما تقدم من ذنبك وما تاخر . فغضب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وقال " والله اني لارجو ان اكون اخشاكم لله واعلمكم بما اتقي

Yahya related to me from Malik from Abd Rabbih ibn Said from Abu Bakr ibn Abd ar-Rahman ibn al-Harith ibn Hisham from A'isha and Umm Salama, the wives of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, used to get up in the morning junub from intercourse, not a dream, in Ramadan, and then he would fast

وحدثني عن مالك، عن عبد ربه بن سعيد، عن ابي بكر بن عبد الرحمن بن الحارث بن هشام، عن عايشة، وام سلمة زوجى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم انهما قالتا كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يصبح جنبا من جماع غير احتلام في رمضان ثم يصوم

Yahya related to me from Malik from Sumayy, the mawla of Abu Bakr ibn Abd ar-Rahman ibn al-Harith ibn Hisham that he heard Abu Bakr ibn Abd ar-Rahman ibn al-Harith ibn Hisham say, "My father and I were with Marwan ibn al Hakam at the time when he was amir of Madina, and someone mentioned to him that Abu Hurayra used to say, 'If someone begins the morning junub, he has broken the fast for that day.' Marwan said, 'I swear to you, Abdar-Rahman, you must go to the two umm al muminin, A'isha and Umm Salama, and ask them about it.' ''Abd ar-Rahman went to visit A'isha and I accompanied him. He greeted her and then said, 'Umm al-muminin, we were with Marwan ibn al Hakam and someone mentioned to him that Abu Hurayra used to say that if some one had begun the morning junub, he had broken the fast for that day.' A'isha said, 'It is not as Abu Hurayra says Abd ar-Rahman. Do you dislike what the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, used to do?', and Abd ar-Rahman said, 'No, by Allah.' A'isha said, 'I bear witness that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, used to get up in the morning junub from intercourse, not a dream, and would then fast for that day.' " He continued, "Then we went and visited Umm Salama, and Abd ar- Rahman asked her about the same matter and she said the same as A'isha had said. Then we went off until we came to Marwan ibn al-Hakam Abd ar-Rahman told him what they had both said and Marwan said, 'I swear to you, Abu Muhammad, you must use the mount which is at the door, and go to Abu Hurayra, who is on his land at al Aqiq, and tell him this.' So Abd ar-Rahman rode off, and I went with him, until we came to Abu Hurayra. Abd ar-Rahman talked with him for a while, and then mentioned the matter to him, and Abu Hurayra said, 'I don't know anything about it. I was just told that by someone

وحدثني عن مالك، عن سمى، مولى ابي بكر بن عبد الرحمن بن الحارث بن هشام انه سمع ابا بكر بن عبد الرحمن بن الحارث بن هشام، يقول كنت انا وابي، عند مروان بن الحكم - وهو امير المدينة - فذكر له ان ابا هريرة يقول من اصبح جنبا افطر ذلك اليوم . فقال مروان اقسمت عليك يا عبد الرحمن لتذهبن الى امى المومنين عايشة وام سلمة فلتسالنهما عن ذلك فذهب عبد الرحمن وذهبت معه حتى دخلنا على عايشة فسلم عليها ثم قال يا ام المومنين انا كنا عند مروان بن الحكم فذكر له ان ابا هريرة يقول من اصبح جنبا افطر ذلك اليوم . قالت عايشة ليس كما قال ابو هريرة يا عبد الرحمن اترغب عما كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يصنع فقال عبد الرحمن لا والله . قالت عايشة فاشهد على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم انه كان يصبح جنبا من جماع غير احتلام ثم يصوم ذلك اليوم . قال ثم خرجنا حتى دخلنا على ام سلمة فسالها عن ذلك فقالت مثل ما قالت عايشة . قال فخرجنا حتى جينا مروان بن الحكم فذكر له عبد الرحمن ما قالتا فقال مروان اقسمت عليك يا ابا محمد لتركبن دابتي فانها بالباب فلتذهبن الى ابي هريرة فانه بارضه بالعقيق فلتخبرنه ذلك . فركب عبد الرحمن وركبت معه حتى اتينا ابا هريرة فتحدث معه عبد الرحمن ساعة ثم ذكر له ذلك فقال له ابو هريرة لا علم لي بذاك انما اخبرنيه مخبر

Yahya related to me from Malik from Sumayy, the mawla of Abu Bakr, from Abu Bakr ibn Abd ar-Rahman that A'isha and Umm Salama, the wives of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "The Messengerof Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, used to get up in the morning junub from intercourse, not a dream, and would then fast

وحدثني عن مالك، عن سمى، مولى ابي بكر عن ابي بكر بن عبد الرحمن، عن عايشة، وام سلمة زوجى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم انهما قالتا ان كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ليصبح جنبا من جماع غير احتلام ثم يصوم

Yahya related to me from Malik from Zayd ibn Aslam from Ata ibn Yasar that a certain man kissed his wife while he was fasting in Ramadan. This made him very anxious, and so he sent his wife to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, to ask him about that for him. She went in and saw Umm Salama, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and mentioned the matter to her, and Umm Salama told her that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, used to kiss while he was fasting. So she went back and told her husband that, but it only made him find fault all the more and he said, "We are not like the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. Allah makes permissible for the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, whatever He wishes." His wife then went back to Umm Salama and found the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, with her. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "What's the matter with this woman?", and Umm Salama told him. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Didn't you tell her that I do that myself?" and she said, "I told her, and she went to her husband and told him, but it only made him find fault all the more and say, 'We are not like the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. Allah makes permissible for His Messenger, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, whatever He wishes.' " The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, got angry and said, "By Allah, I am the one with the most taqwa of Allah of you all, and of you all the one who best knows His limits

حدثني يحيى، عن مالك، عن زيد بن اسلم، عن عطاء بن يسار، ان رجلا، قبل امراته وهو صايم في رمضان فوجد من ذلك وجدا شديدا فارسل امراته تسال له عن ذلك فدخلت على ام سلمة زوج النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فذكرت ذلك لها فاخبرتها ام سلمة ان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقبل وهو صايم فرجعت فاخبرت زوجها بذلك فزاده ذلك شرا وقال لسنا مثل رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم الله يحل لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ما شاء . ثم رجعت امراته الى ام سلمة فوجدت عندها رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم " ما لهذه المراة " . فاخبرته ام سلمة فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم " الا اخبرتيها اني افعل ذلك " . فقالت قد اخبرتها فذهبت الى زوجها فاخبرته فزاده ذلك شرا وقال لسنا مثل رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم الله يحل لرسوله صلى الله عليه وسلم ما شاء . فغضب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وقال " والله اني لاتقاكم لله واعلمكم بحدوده

Yahya related to me from Malik from Hisham ibn Urwa from his father that A'isha, umm al-muminin, may Allah be pleased with her, said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, used to kiss certain of his wives when fasting," and then she laughed

وحدثني عن مالك، عن هشام بن عروة، عن ابيه، عن عايشة ام المومنين، - رضى الله عنها - انها قالت ان كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ليقبل بعض ازواجه وهو صايم . ثم ضحكت

Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said that Atika bint Zayd ibn Amr ibn Nufayl, the wife of Umar ibn al-Khattab, used to kiss Umar ibn al-Khattab's head while he was fasting, and he did not tell her not to

وحدثني عن مالك، عن يحيى بن سعيد، ان عاتكة ابنة زيد بن عمرو بن نفيل، - امراة عمر بن الخطاب - كانت تقبل راس عمر بن الخطاب وهو صايم فلا ينهاها

Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu'n-Nadr, the mawla of Umar ibn Ubaydullah that A'isha bint Talha told him that she was once with A'isha, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and her husband, who was fasting, came and visited her there. (He was Abdullah ibn Abd ar-Rahman ibn Abi Bakras-Siddiq.) A'isha said to him, "What's stopping you from coming close to your wife and kissing her and joking with her?" He said, "Can I kiss her when I am fasting?" She said, "Yes

وحدثني عن مالك، عن ابي النضر، مولى عمر بن عبيد الله ان عايشة بنت طلحة، اخبرته انها، كانت عند عايشة زوج النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فدخل عليها زوجها هنالك وهو عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن بن ابي بكر الصديق وهو صايم فقالت له عايشة ما يمنعك ان تدنو من اهلك فتقبلها وتلاعبها فقال اقبلها وانا صايم قالت نعم

Yahya related to me from Malik from Zayd ibn Aslam that Abu Hurayra and Sad ibn Abi Waqqas used to say that someone who was fasting was allowed to kiss

وحدثني عن مالك، عن زيد بن اسلم، ان ابا هريرة، وسعد بن ابي وقاص، كانا يرخصان في القبلة للصايم

Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that A'isha, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, would say, when she mentioned that the Messenger of Allah, used to kiss while fasting, "And who among you is more able to control himself than the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace?

حدثني يحيى، عن مالك، انه بلغه ان عايشة، زوج النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم كانت اذا ذكرت ان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقبل وهو صايم تقول وايكم املك لنفسه من رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم

Yahya said that Malik said that Hisham ibn Urwa ibn az-Zubayr had said, "I do not think that kissing invites to good for people who are fasting

قال يحيى قال مالك قال هشام بن عروة قال عروة بن الزبير لم ار القبلة للصايم تدعو الى خير