#1397

Malik related to me that he heard the like of that from Sulayman ibn Yasar. Malik spoke about a man who bought out one of the partners in a shared property, by paying the man with an animal, a slave, a slave-girl, or the equivalent of that in goods. Then another partner decided to exercise his right of pre-emption after that, and he found that the slave or slave-girl had died, and no one knew what her value had been. The buyer claimed, "The value of the slave or slave-girl was 100 dinars." The partner with the right of pre-emption claimed, "The value was 50 dinars." Malik said, "The buyer takes an oath that the value of what he payed was 100 dinars. Then if the one with the right of pre-emption wishes, he can compensate him, or else he can leave it, unless he can bring a clear proof that the slave or slave-girl's value is less than what the buyer said. If someone gives away his portion of a shared house or land and the recipient repays him for it by cash or goods, the partners can take it by pre-emption if they wish and pay off the recipient the value of what he gave in dinars or dirhams. If someone makes a gift of his portion of a shared house or land, and does not take any remuneration and does not seek to, and a partner wants to take it for its value, he cannot do so as long as the original partner has not been given recompense for it. If there is any recompense, the one with the right of pre-emption can have it for the price of the recompense." Malik spoke about a man who bought into a piece of shared land for a price on credit, and one of the partners wanted to possess it by right of pre-emption . Malik said, "If it seems likely that the partner can meet the terms, he has right of pre-emption for the same credit terms. If it is feared that he will not be able to meet the terms, but he can bring a wealthy and reliable guarantor of equal standing to the one who bought into the land, he can also take possession." Malik said, "A person's absence does not sever his right of pre-emption. Even if he is a way for a long time, there is no time limit after which the right of preemption is cut off." Malik said that if a man left land to a number of his children, then one of them who had a child died and the child of the deceased sold his right in that land, the brother of the seller was more entitled to pre-empt him than his paternal uncles, the partners of his father. Malik said, "This is what is done in our community." Malik said, "Pre- emption is shared between partners according to their existing shares. Each of them takes according to his portion. If it is small, he has little. If it is great, it is according to that. That is if they are tenacious and contend with each other about it." Malik said, "As for a man who buys out the share of one of his partners, and one of the other partners says, 'I will take a portion according to my share,' and the first partner says, 'If you wish to take all the preemption, I will give it up to you. If you wish to leave it, then leave it.' If the first partner gives him the choice and hands it over to him, the second partner can only take all the pre-emption or give it back. If he takes it, he is entitled to it. If not, he has nothing." Malik spoke about a man who bought land, and developed it by planting trees or digging a well etc., and then someone came, and seeing that he had a right in the land, wanted to take possession of it by pre-emption. Malik said "He has no right of preemption unless he compensates the other for his expenditure. If he gives him the price of what he has developed, he is entitled to pre- emption . If not, he has no right in it." Malik said that someone who sold off his portion of a shared house or land and then, on learning that some one with a right of pre-emption was to take possession by that right, asked the buyer to revoke the sale, and he did so, did not have the right to do that. The pre-emptor has more right to the property for the price for which he sold it. In the case of some one who bought along with a section of a shared house or land, an animal and goods (that were not shared), so that when any one demanded his right of pre-emption in the house or land he said, "Take what I have bought altogether, for I bought it altogether," Malik said, "The pre-emptor need only take possession of the house or land. Each thing the man bought is assessed according to its share of the lump sum the man paid. Then the pre-emptor takes possession of his right for a price which is appropriate on that basis. He does not take any animals or goods unless he wants to do that." Malik said, "If someone sells a section of shared land, and one of those who have the right of preemption surrenders it to the buyer and another refuses to do other than take his pre-emption, the one who refuses to surrender has to take all the preemption, and he cannot take according to his right and leave what remains. In the case where one of a number of partners in one house sold his share when all his partners were away except for one man, the one present was given the choice of either taking the pre-emption or leaving it, and he said, 'I will take my portion and leave the portions of my partners until they are present. If they take it, that is that. If they leave it, I will take all the pre-emption,' Malik said, 'He can only take it all or leave it. If his partners come, they can take from him or leave it as they wish. If this is offered to him and he does not accept, I think that he has no pre-emption

وحدثني مالك، انه بلغه عن سليمان بن يسار، مثل ذلك . قال مالك في رجل اشترى شقصا مع قوم في ارض بحيوان عبد او وليدة او ما اشبه ذلك من العروض فجاء الشريك ياخذ بشفعته بعد ذلك فوجد العبد او الوليدة قد هلكا ولم يعلم احد قدر قيمتهما فيقول المشتري قيمة العبد او الوليدة ماية دينار ويقول صاحب الشفعة الشريك بل قيمتهما خمسون دينارا . قال مالك يحلف المشتري ان قيمة ما اشترى به ماية دينار ثم ان شاء ان ياخذ صاحب الشفعة اخذ او يترك الا ان ياتي الشفيع ببينة ان قيمة العبد او الوليدة دون ما قال المشتري . قال مالك من وهب شقصا في دار او ارض مشتركة فاثابه الموهوب له بها نقدا او عرضا فان الشركاء ياخذونها بالشفعة ان شاءوا ويدفعون الى الموهوب له قيمة مثوبته دنانير او دراهم . قال مالك من وهب هبة في دار او ارض مشتركة فلم يثب منها ولم يطلبها فاراد شريكه ان ياخذها بقيمتها فليس ذلك له ما لم يثب عليها فان اثيب فهو للشفيع بقيمة الثواب . قال مالك في رجل اشترى شقصا في ارض مشتركة بثمن الى اجل فاراد الشريك ان ياخذها بالشفعة . قال مالك ان كان مليا فله الشفعة بذلك الثمن الى ذلك الاجل وان كان مخوفا ان لا يودي الثمن الى ذلك الاجل فاذا جاءهم بحميل ملي ثقة مثل الذي اشترى منه الشقص في الارض المشتركة فذلك له . قال مالك لا تقطع شفعة الغايب غيبته وان طالت غيبته وليس لذلك عندنا حد تقطع اليه الشفعة . قال مالك في الرجل يورث الارض نفرا من ولده ثم يولد لاحد النفر ثم يهلك الاب فيبيع احد ولد الميت حقه في تلك الارض فان اخا البايع احق بشفعته من عمومته شركاء ابيه . قال مالك وهذا الامر عندنا . قال مالك الشفعة بين الشركاء على قدر حصصهم ياخذ كل انسان منهم بقدر نصيبه ان كان قليلا فقليلا وان كان كثيرا فبقدره وذلك ان تشاحوا فيها . قال مالك فاما ان يشتري رجل من رجل من شركايه حقه فيقول احد الشركاء انا اخذ من الشفعة بقدر حصتي . ويقول المشتري ان شيت ان تاخذ الشفعة كلها اسلمتها اليك وان شيت ان تدع فدع فان المشتري اذا خيره في هذا واسلمه اليه فليس للشفيع الا ان ياخذ الشفعة كلها او يسلمها اليه فان اخذها فهو احق بها والا فلا شىء له . قال مالك في الرجل يشتري الارض فيعمرها بالاصل يضعه فيها او البير يحفرها ثم ياتي رجل فيدرك فيها حقا فيريد ان ياخذها بالشفعة انه لا شفعة له فيها الا ان يعطيه قيمة ما عمر فان اعطاه قيمة ما عمر كان احق بالشفعة والا فلا حق له فيها . قال مالك من باع حصته من ارض او دار مشتركة فلما علم ان صاحب الشفعة ياخذ بالشفعة استقال المشتري فاقاله . قال ليس ذلك له والشفيع احق بها بالثمن الذي كان باعها به . قال مالك من اشترى شقصا في دار او ارض وحيوانا وعروضا في صفقة واحدة فطلب الشفيع شفعته في الدار او الارض فقال المشتري خذ ما اشتريت جميعا فاني انما اشتريته جميعا . قال مالك بل ياخذ الشفيع شفعته في الدار او الارض بحصتها من ذلك الثمن يقام كل شىء اشتراه من ذلك على حدته على الثمن الذي اشتراه به ثم ياخذ الشفيع شفعته بالذي يصيبها من القيمة من راس الثمن ولا ياخذ من الحيوان والعروض شييا الا ان يشاء ذلك . قال مالك ومن باع شقصا من ارض مشتركة فسلم بعض من له فيها الشفعة للبايع وابى بعضهم الا ان ياخذ بشفعته ان من ابى ان يسلم ياخذ بالشفعة كلها وليس له ان ياخذ بقدر حقه ويترك ما بقي . قال مالك في نفر شركاء في دار واحدة فباع احدهم حصته وشركاوه غيب كلهم الا رجلا فعرض على الحاضر ان ياخذ بالشفعة او يترك . فقال انا اخذ بحصتي واترك حصص شركايي حتى يقدموا فان اخذوا فذلك وان تركوا اخذت جميع الشفعة . قال مالك ليس له الا ان ياخذ ذلك كله او يترك فان جاء شركاوه اخذوا منه او تركوا ان شاءوا فاذا عرض هذا عليه فلم يقبله فلا ارى له شفعة