Sunan Abu Dawud — Prayer: Detailed Rules of Law about the Prayer during Journey

Narrated Salih b. Khawwat: On the authority of a person who offered the prayer in time of danger along with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) at the battle of Dhat al-Riqa. One section of people stood in the row of prayer along with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and the other section remained standing in front of the enemy. He led those who were with him in one rak'ah and remained standing (in his place) and they completed (the second rak'ah) by themselves. Then they turned away and arrayed before the enemy. Thereafter the other section came and he led them in the rak'ah which remained from his prayer. He then remained sitting (in his place) and they completed their one rak'ah by themselves. He then uttered the salutation along with them. Malik said: I like the tradition reported by Yazid b. Ruman (i.e. the present tradition) more than (other versions) I heard

حدثنا القعنبي، عن مالك، عن يزيد بن رومان، عن صالح بن خوات، عمن صلى مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يوم ذات الرقاع صلاة الخوف ان طايفة صفت معه وطايفة وجاه العدو فصلى بالتي معه ركعة ثم ثبت قايما واتموا لانفسهم ثم انصرفوا وصفوا وجاه العدو وجاءت الطايفة الاخرى فصلى بهم الركعة التي بقيت من صلاته ثم ثبت جالسا واتموا لانفسهم ثم سلم بهم . قال مالك وحديث يزيد بن رومان احب ما سمعت الى

Narrated Sahl b. Abi Hathmah al-Ansari: The prayer time of danger should be offered in the following way: The imam should stand (for prayer) and a section of the people should stand along with him. The other section should stand facing the enemy. The imam should perform bowing and prostrate himself along with those who are with him. He then should stand (after prostration) and, when he stands straight, he should remain standing. They (the people) should (in the meantime) complete their remaining rak'ah (i.e. the second one). They they should utter the salutation, and turn away while the imam should remain standing. They should go before the enemy. Thereafter those who did not pray should come forward and utter the takbir (Allah is most great) behind imam. He should bow and prostrate along with them and utter the salutation. Then they should stand and completed their remaining rak'ah, and utter the salutation. Abu Dawud said: The tradition reported by Yahya b. Sa'id from al-Qasim is similar to the one transmitted by Yazid b. Ruman except that he differed with him in salutation. The tradition reported by 'Ubaid Allah is like the one reported by Yahya b. Sa'id, saying: He (the Prophet) remained standing

حدثنا القعنبي، عن مالك، عن يحيى بن سعيد، عن القاسم بن محمد، عن صالح بن خوات الانصاري، ان سهل بن ابي حثمة الانصاري، حدثه ان صلاة الخوف ان يقوم الامام وطايفة من اصحابه وطايفة مواجهة العدو فيركع الامام ركعة ويسجد بالذين معه ثم يقوم فاذا استوى قايما ثبت قايما واتموا لانفسهم الركعة الباقية ثم سلموا وانصرفوا والامام قايم فكانوا وجاه العدو ثم يقبل الاخرون الذين لم يصلوا فيكبرون وراء الامام فيركع بهم ويسجد بهم ثم يسلم فيقومون فيركعون لانفسهم الركعة الباقية ثم يسلمون . قال ابو داود واما رواية يحيى بن سعيد عن القاسم نحو رواية يزيد بن رومان الا انه خالفه في السلام ورواية عبيد الله نحو رواية يحيى بن سعيد قال ويثبت قايما

Urwah ibn az-Zubayr reported that Marwan ibn al-Hakam asked AbuHurayrah:Did you pray in time of danger with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)? AbuHurayrah replied: Yes. Marwan then asked: When? AbuHurayrah said: On the occasion of the Battle of Najd. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) stood up to offer the afternoon prayer. One section stood with him (to pray) and the other was standing before the enemy, and their backs were towards the qiblah. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) uttered the takbir and all of them too uttered the takbir, i.e. those who were with him and those who were facing the enemy. Then the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) offered one rak'ah and the section that was with him also prayed one rak'ah. He then prostrated himself and those who were with him also prostrated, while the other section was standing before the enemy. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) then stood up and the section with him also stood up. They went and faced the enemy and the section that was previously facing the enemy stepped forward. They bowed and prostrated while the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was standing in the same position. Then they stood up and the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon) prayed another rak'ah and all of them bowed and prostrated along with him. After that the section that was standing before the enemy came forward and they bowed and prostrated, while the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) remained seated and also those who were with him. The salutation then followed. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) uttered the salutation and all of them uttered it together. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) prayed two rak'ahs and each of the two sections prayed one rak'ah with him (and the other by themselves)

حدثنا الحسن بن علي، حدثنا ابو عبد الرحمن المقري، حدثنا حيوة، وابن، لهيعة قالا اخبرنا ابو الاسود، انه سمع عروة بن الزبير، يحدث عن مروان بن الحكم، انه سال ابا هريرة هل صليت مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم صلاة الخوف قال ابو هريرة نعم . قال مروان متى فقال ابو هريرة عام غزوة نجد قام رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم الى صلاة العصر فقامت معه طايفة وطايفة اخرى مقابل العدو ظهورهم الى القبلة فكبر رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فكبروا جميعا الذين معه والذين مقابلي العدو ثم ركع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ركعة واحدة وركعت الطايفة التي معه ثم سجد فسجدت الطايفة التي تليه والاخرون قيام مقابلي العدو ثم قام رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وقامت الطايفة التي معه فذهبوا الى العدو فقابلوهم واقبلت الطايفة التي كانت مقابلي العدو فركعوا وسجدوا ورسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قايم كما هو ثم قاموا فركع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ركعة اخرى وركعوا معه وسجد وسجدوا معه ثم اقبلت الطايفة التي كانت مقابلي العدو فركعوا وسجدوا ورسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قاعد ومن معه ثم كان السلام فسلم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وسلموا جميعا فكان لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ركعتان ولكل رجل من الطايفتين ركعة ركعة

Narrated Abu Hurairah: We went out with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) to Najd. When we reached Dhat ar-Riqa at Nakhl (or in a valley with palm trees) he met a group of the tribe of Ghatafan. The narrator then reported the tradition to the same effect, but his version is other than that of Haywah. He added to the words "when he bowed along with those who were with him and prostrated" the words "when they stood up, they retraced their footsteps to the rows of their companions". He did not mention the words "their back was towards the qiblah

حدثنا محمد بن عمرو الرازي، حدثنا سلمة، حدثني محمد بن اسحاق، عن محمد بن جعفر بن الزبير، ومحمد بن الاسود، عن عروة بن الزبير، عن ابي هريرة، قال خرجنا مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم الى نجد حتى اذا كنا بذات الرقاع من نخل لقي جمعا من غطفان فذكر معناه ولفظه على غير لفظ حيوة وقال فيه حين ركع بمن معه وسجد قال فلما قاموا مشوا القهقرى الى مصاف اصحابهم ولم يذكر استدبار القبلة

Abu Dawud said:This tradition has been transmitted by 'Aishah through a different chain of narrators. She said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) uttered the takbir and the section that was in the same row with him also uttered the takbir. He then bowed and they also bowed, and he prostrated and they also prostrated. Then he raised his head and they also raised (their heads). The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) then remained seated. They prostrated alone and stood up and retraced their footsteps and stood behind them. Then the other section came; they stood up and uttered the takbir and bowed by themselves. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) prostrated himself and they also prostrated with him. Then the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) stood up and they performed the second prostration by themselves. Then both the sections stood up and prayed with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). He bowed and they also bowed, and then he prostrated himself and they also prostrated themselves. Then he returned and performed the second prostration and they also prostrated with him as quickly as possible, showing no slackness in quick prostration. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) then uttered the salutation. After that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) stood up. Thus everyone participated in the entire prayer

قال ابو داود واما عبيد الله بن سعد فحدثنا قال حدثني عمي، حدثنا ابي، عن ابن اسحاق، حدثني محمد بن جعفر بن الزبير، ان عروة بن الزبير، حدثه ان عايشة حدثته بهذه القصة، قالت كبر رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وكبرت الطايفة الذين صفوا معه ثم ركع فركعوا ثم سجد فسجدوا ثم رفع فرفعوا ثم مكث رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم جالسا ثم سجدوا هم لانفسهم الثانية ثم قاموا فنكصوا على اعقابهم يمشون القهقرى حتى قاموا من ورايهم وجاءت الطايفة الاخرى فقاموا فكبروا ثم ركعوا لانفسهم ثم سجد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فسجدوا معه ثم قام رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وسجدوا لانفسهم الثانية ثم قامت الطايفتان جميعا فصلوا مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فركع فركعوا ثم سجد فسجدوا جميعا ثم عاد فسجد الثانية وسجدوا معه سريعا كاسرع الاسراع جاهدا لا يالون سراعا ثم سلم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وسلموا فقام رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وقد شاركه الناس في الصلاة كلها

Narrated Ibn 'Umar: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) led one section in one rak'ah of prayer and the other section was facing the enemy. Then they turned away and took the position of the other section. They (the other section) came and he (the Prophet) led them in the second rak'ah. He then uttered the salutation. Thereafter they stood up and completed the remaining rak'ah, they went away and the other section completed their remaining rak'ah. Abu Dawud said: This tradition has been narrated by Nafi' and Khalid b. Ma'dan from Ibn 'Umar in like manner from the Prophet (ﷺ). This has also been transmitted similarly by Masruq ad Yusuf b. Mihran on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas. This has been narrated by Yunus from al-Hasan from Abu Musa something similarly, saying that Abu Musa has done so

حدثنا مسدد، حدثنا يزيد بن زريع، عن معمر، عن الزهري، عن سالم، عن ابن عمر، ان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم صلى باحدى الطايفتين ركعة والطايفة الاخرى مواجهة العدو ثم انصرفوا فقاموا في مقام اوليك وجاء اوليك فصلى بهم ركعة اخرى ثم سلم عليهم ثم قام هولاء فقضوا ركعتهم وقام هولاء فقضوا ركعتهم . قال ابو داود وكذلك رواه نافع وخالد بن معدان عن ابن عمر عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وكذلك قول مسروق ويوسف بن مهران عن ابن عباس وكذلك روى يونس عن الحسن عن ابي موسى انه فعله

Narrated Abdullah ibn Mas'ud: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) led us in prayer in the time of danger. They (the people) stood in two rows. One row was behind the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and the other faced the enemy. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) led them in one rak'ah,and then the other section came and took their place; they went and faced the enemy. The Prophet (ﷺ) led them in one rak'ah and uttered the salutation. They stood up and prayed the second rak'ah by themselves and uttered the salutation and went away; they took the place of the other section facing the enemy. They came back and took their place. They prayed one rak'ah by themselves and then uttered the salutation

حدثنا عمران بن ميسرة، حدثنا ابن فضيل، حدثنا خصيف، عن ابي عبيدة، عن عبد الله بن مسعود، قال صلى بنا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم صلاة الخوف فقاموا صفين صف خلف رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وصف مستقبل العدو فصلى بهم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ركعة ثم جاء الاخرون فقاموا مقامهم واستقبل هولاء العدو فصلى بهم النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ركعة ثم سلم فقام هولاء فصلوا لانفسهم ركعة ثم سلموا ثم ذهبوا فقاموا مقام اوليك مستقبلي العدو ورجع اوليك الى مقامهم فصلوا لانفسهم ركعة ثم سلموا

This tradition has been transmitted by Kushaif with a different chain of narrators and to the same effect. This version adds:The Prophet of Allah (ﷺ) uttered takbir and both rows uttered takbir together. Abu Dawud said: This tradition has been narrated by al-Thawri to the same effect on the authority of Khusaif. 'Abd al-Rahman b. Samurah also prayed in like manner. But the section which he (the Prophet) led in one rak'ah and then uttered the salutation and went and took the place of their companions. They came and prayed one rak'ah by themselves. Then they returned to their place and they prayed (one rak'ah) by themselves. Abu Dawud said: Muslim b. Ibrahim reported from 'Abd al-Samad b. Habib on the authority of his father that they had fought a battle at Kabul along with 'Abd al-Rahman b. Samurah. He led us in prayer in time of danger

حدثنا تميم بن المنتصر، اخبرنا اسحاق، - يعني ابن يوسف - عن شريك، عن خصيف، باسناده ومعناه . قال فكبر نبي الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وكبر الصفان جميعا . قال ابو داود رواه الثوري بهذا المعنى عن خصيف وصلى عبد الرحمن بن سمرة هكذا الا ان الطايفة التي صلى بهم ركعة ثم سلم مضوا الى مقام اصحابهم وجاء هولاء فصلوا لانفسهم ركعة ثم رجعوا الى مقام اوليك فصلوا لانفسهم ركعة . قال ابو داود حدثنا بذلك مسلم بن ابراهيم حدثنا عبد الصمد بن حبيب قال اخبرني ابي انهم غزوا مع عبد الرحمن بن سمرة كابل فصلى بنا صلاة الخوف

Narrated Hudhayfah: Tha'labah ibn Zahdam said: We accompanied Sa'd ibn al-'As at Tabaristan. He stood and said: Which of you prayed along with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) in time of danger? Hudhayfah said: I then he led one section in one rak'ah and the other section in one rak'ah. They did not pray the second rak'ah by themselves. Abu Dawud: This tradition has been transmitted by 'Ubaid Allah b. 'Abd Allah and Mujahid on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas from the Prophet (ﷺ) in like manner. This has also been narrated by 'Abd Allah b. Shaqiq from Abu Hurairah from the Prophet (ﷺ). Yazid al-Faqir and Abu Musa also narrated this tradition from Jabir from the Prophet (ﷺ). Some of the narrators said in the version narrated by Yazid al-Faqir that they completed their second rak'ah. This has also been narrated by Simak al-Hanafi on the authority of Ibn 'Umar from the Prophet (ﷺ) something similar. Zaid b. Thabit also narrated from the Prophet (ﷺ) in like manner. This version adds: The people prayed on rak'ah and the Prophet (ﷺ) prayed two rak'ahs

حدثنا مسدد، حدثنا يحيى، عن سفيان، حدثني الاشعث بن سليم، عن الاسود بن هلال، عن ثعلبة بن زهدم، قال كنا مع سعيد بن العاص بطبرستان فقام فقال ايكم صلى مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم صلاة الخوف فقال حذيفة انا فصلى بهولاء ركعة وبهولاء ركعة ولم يقضوا . قال ابو داود وكذا رواه عبيد الله بن عبد الله ومجاهد عن ابن عباس عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وعبد الله بن شقيق عن ابي هريرة عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ويزيد الفقير وابو موسى - قال ابو داود رجل من التابعين ليس بالاشعري - جميعا عن جابر عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وقد قال بعضهم في حديث يزيد الفقير انهم قضوا ركعة اخرى . وكذلك رواه سماك الحنفي عن ابن عمر عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وكذلك رواه زيد بن ثابت عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال فكانت للقوم ركعة ركعة وللنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ركعتين

Narrated Ibn 'Abbas:Allah, the Exalted, prescribed prayer for you, through the tongue of your Prophet (ﷺ), four rak'ahs while resident, two rak'ahs while travelling and one rak'ah in time of danger

حدثنا مسدد، وسعيد بن منصور، قالا حدثنا ابو عوانة، عن بكير بن الاخنس، عن مجاهد، عن ابن عباس، قال فرض الله تعالى الصلاة على لسان نبيكم صلى الله عليه وسلم في الحضر اربعا وفي السفر ركعتين وفي الخوف ركعة

Narrated AbuBakrah: The Prophet (ﷺ) offered the noon prayer in time of danger. Some of the people formed a row behind him and others arrayed themselves against the enemy. He led them in two rak'ahs and then he uttered the salutation. Then those who were with him went away and took the position of their companions before the enemy. Then they came and prayed behind him. He led them in two rak'ahs and uttered the salutation. Thus the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) offered four rak'ahs and his companions offered two rak'ahs. Al-Hasan used to give legal verdict on the authority of this tradition. Abu Dawud said: This will be so in the sunset prayer. The imam will offer six rak'ahs and the people three rak'ahs. Abu Dawud said: Yahya b. Abi Kathir narrated from Abu Salamah from Jabir from the Prophet (ﷺ) something similar. Sulaiman al-Yashkuri reported it from the Prophet (ﷺ) in like manner

حدثنا عبيد الله بن معاذ، حدثنا ابي، حدثنا الاشعث، عن الحسن، عن ابي بكرة، قال صلى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في خوف الظهر فصف بعضهم خلفه وبعضهم بازاء العدو فصلى بهم ركعتين ثم سلم فانطلق الذين صلوا معه فوقفوا موقف اصحابهم ثم جاء اوليك فصلوا خلفه فصلى بهم ركعتين ثم سلم فكانت لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم اربعا ولاصحابه ركعتين ركعتين . وبذلك كان يفتي الحسن . قال ابو داود وكذلك في المغرب يكون للامام ست ركعات وللقوم ثلاثا ثلاثا . قال ابو داود وكذلك رواه يحيى بن ابي كثير عن ابي سلمة عن جابر عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وكذلك قال سليمان اليشكري عن جابر عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم

Narrated 'Abd Allah b. Unais:The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sent me to Khalid b. Sufyan al-Hudhail. This was towards 'Uranah and 'Arafat. He (the Prophet) said: Go and kill him. I saw him when the time of the afternoon prayer had come. I said: I am afraid if a fight takes place between me and him (Khalid b. Sufyan), that might delay the prayer. I proceeded walking towards him while I was praying by making a sign. When I reached near him, he said to me: Who are you ? I replied: A man from the Arabs; it came to me that you were gathering (any army) for this man (i.e. Prophet). Hence I came to you in connection with this matter. He said: I am (engaged) in this (work). I then walked along with him for a while ; when it became convenient for me, I dominated him with my sword until he became cold (dead)

حدثنا ابو معمر عبد الله بن عمرو، حدثنا عبد الوارث، حدثنا محمد بن اسحاق، عن محمد بن جعفر، عن ابن عبد الله بن انيس، عن ابيه، قال بعثني رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم الى خالد بن سفيان الهذلي - وكان نحو عرنة وعرفات - فقال " اذهب فاقتله " . قال فرايته وحضرت صلاة العصر فقلت اني لاخاف ان يكون بيني وبينه ما ان اوخر الصلاة فانطلقت امشي وانا اصلي اومي ايماء نحوه فلما دنوت منه قال لي من انت قلت رجل من العرب بلغني انك تجمع لهذا الرجل فجيتك في ذاك . قال اني لفي ذاك فمشيت معه ساعة حتى اذا امكنني علوته بسيفي حتى برد