Sunan Abu Dawud — Model Behavior of the Prophet

The tradition mentioned above has also been transmitted by Yahya b. Yamur and Humaid b. ‘Abd al-Rahman through a different chain of narrators. This version has :we met ‘Abd Allah b. ‘Umar. We told him about divine decree and what they said about it. He then mentioned something similar to it. He added : A man of Muzainah or juhainah asked : What is the good in doing anything, Messenger of Allah ? should we think that a thing has passed and gone or a thing that has happened now (without predestination)? He replied : About a thing that has passed and gone (i.e. predestined). A man or some people asked: Then, why action? He replied: Those who are among the number of those who go to Paradise will be helped to do the deeds of the people who will go to Paradise, and those who are among the number of those who go to Hell will be helped to do the deeds of those who will go to Hell

حدثنا مسدد، حدثنا يحيى، عن عثمان بن غياث، قال حدثني عبد الله بن بريدة، عن يحيى بن يعمر، وحميد بن عبد الرحمن، قال لقينا عبد الله بن عمر فذكرنا له القدر وما يقولون فيه فذكر نحوه زاد قال وساله رجل من مزينة او جهينة فقال يا رسول الله فيما نعمل افي شىء قد خلا او مضى او شىء يستانف الان قال " في شىء قد خلا ومضى " . فقال الرجل او بعض القوم ففيم العمل قال " ان اهل الجنة ييسرون لعمل اهل الجنة وان اهل النار ييسرون لعمل اهل النار

The tradition mentioned above has also been transmitted by Ibn Ya’mur, with additions and omissions, through a different chain of narrators. This version adds; He asked :What is Islam? He replied : It means saying prayer, payment of zakat, performing HAJJ, fasting during RAMADAN, and taking a bath on account of sexual defilement. Abu Dawud said: 'Alqamah was a Murji'i

حدثنا محمود بن خالد، حدثنا الفريابي، عن سفيان، قال حدثنا علقمة بن مرثد، عن سليمان بن بريدة، عن ابن يعمر، بهذا الحديث يزيد وينقص قال فما الاسلام قال " اقام الصلاة وايتاء الزكاة وحج البيت وصوم شهر رمضان والاغتسال من الجنابة " . قال ابو داود علقمة مرجي

Narrated AbuDharr and AbuHurayrah: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to sit among his Companions. A stranger would come and not recognize him (the Prophet) until he asked (about him). So we asked the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) to make a place where he might take his seat so that when a stranger came, he might recognise him. So we built a terrace of soil on which he would take his seat, and we would sit beside him. He then mentioned something similar to this Hadith saying: A man came, and he described his appearance. He saluted from the side of the assembly, saying: Peace be upon you, Muhammad. The Prophet (ﷺ) then responded to him

حدثنا عثمان بن ابي شيبة، حدثنا جرير، عن ابي فروة الهمداني، عن ابي زرعة بن عمرو بن جرير، عن ابي ذر، وابي، هريرة قالا كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يجلس بين ظهرى اصحابه فيجيء الغريب فلا يدري ايهم هو حتى يسال فطلبنا الى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ان نجعل له مجلسا يعرفه الغريب اذا اتاه - قال - فبنينا له دكانا من طين فجلس عليه وكنا نجلس بجنبتيه وذكر نحو هذا الخبر فاقبل رجل فذكر هييته حتى سلم من طرف السماط فقال السلام عليك يا محمد . قال فرد عليه النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم

Ibn al-Dailami said :I went to Ubayy b. Ka’b and said him : I am confused about Divine decree, so tell me something by means of which Allah may remove the confusion from my mind. He replied : were Allah to punish everyone in the heavens and in the earth. He would do so without being unjust to them, and were he to show mercy to them his mercy would be much better than their actions merited. Were you to spend in support of Allah’s cause an amount of gold equivalent to Uhud, Allah would not accept it from you till you believed in divine decree and knew that what has come to you could not miss you and that what has missed you could not come to you. Were you to die believing anything else you would enter Hell. He said : I then went to ‘Abd Allah b. MAs’ud and he said something to the same effect. I next went to Hudhaifah b. al-Yaman and he said something to the same effect. I next went to Zaid b. Thabit who told me something from the Prophet (May peace be upon him) to the same effect

حدثنا محمد بن كثير، اخبرنا سفيان، عن ابي سنان، عن وهب بن خالد الحمصي، عن ابن الديلمي، قال اتيت ابى بن كعب فقلت له وقع في نفسي شىء من القدر فحدثني بشىء لعل الله ان يذهبه من قلبي . فقال لو ان الله عذب اهل سمواته واهل ارضه عذبهم وهو غير ظالم لهم ولو رحمهم كانت رحمته خيرا لهم من اعمالهم ولو انفقت مثل احد ذهبا في سبيل الله ما قبله الله منك حتى تومن بالقدر وتعلم ان ما اصابك لم يكن ليخطيك وان ما اخطاك لم يكن ليصيبك ولو مت على غير هذا لدخلت النار . قال ثم اتيت عبد الله بن مسعود فقال مثل ذلك - قال - ثم اتيت حذيفة بن اليمان فقال مثل ذلك - قال - ثم اتيت زيد بن ثابت فحدثني عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم مثل ذلك

Ubadah b. al Samit said to his son :Son! You will not get the taste of the reality of faith until you know that what has come to you could not miss you, and that what has missed you could not come to you. I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: The first thing Allah created was the pen. He said to it: Write. It asked: What should I write, my Lord? He said: Write what was decreed about everything till the Last Hour comes. Son! I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say : He who dies on something other than this does not belong to me

حدثنا جعفر بن مسافر الهذلي، حدثنا يحيى بن حسان، حدثنا الوليد بن رباح، عن ابراهيم بن ابي عبلة، عن ابي حفصة، قال قال عبادة بن الصامت لابنه يا بنى انك لن تجد طعم حقيقة الايمان حتى تعلم ان ما اصابك لم يكن ليخطيك وما اخطاك لم يكن ليصيبك سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول " ان اول ما خلق الله القلم فقال له اكتب . قال رب وماذا اكتب قال اكتب مقادير كل شىء حتى تقوم الساعة " . يا بنى اني سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول " من مات على غير هذا فليس مني

Abu Hurairah reported the Messenger of Allah (May peace be upon him) as saying :Adam and Moses held a disputation. Moses said : Adam you are our father. You deprived us and caused us to come out from Paradise. Adam said : You are Moses Allah chose you for his speech and wrote the Torah for you with his hand. Do you blame me for doing a deed which Allah had decreed that I should do forty year before he created me? So Adam got the better of Moses in argument. Ahmad b. Salih said from 'Amr from Tawus who heard Abu Hurairah

حدثنا مسدد، حدثنا سفيان، ح وحدثنا احمد بن صالح، - المعنى - قال حدثنا سفيان بن عيينة، عن عمرو بن دينار، سمع طاوسا، يقول سمعت ابا هريرة، يخبر عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال " احتج ادم وموسى فقال موسى يا ادم انت ابونا خيبتنا واخرجتنا من الجنة . فقال ادم انت موسى اصطفاك الله بكلامه وخط لك التوراة بيده تلومني على امر قدره على قبل ان يخلقني باربعين سنة فحج ادم موسى " . قال احمد بن صالح عن عمرو عن طاوس سمع ابا هريرة

‘Umar b. al-Khattab reported the Messenger of Allah (May peace be upon him) as saying :Moses said : My lord, show us Adam who caused us and himself to come out from Paradise. So Allah showed him Adam. He asked : Are you our father, Adam? Adam said to him : Yes. He said : Are you the one into whom Allah breathed of his spirit, taught you all the names, and commanded angels (to prostrate) and they prostrated to you? He replied : Yes. He asked : Then what moved you to cause us and yourself to come out from paradise? Adam asked him : And who are you? He said : Yes. He asked : Did you not find that was decreed in the book (records) of Allah before I was created? He replied : Yes. He asked : Then why do you blame me about a thing for which Divine decree had already passed before me ? The Messenger of Allah (May peace be upon him) said : So Adam got the better of Moses in argument (peace be upon him)

حدثنا احمد بن صالح، قال حدثنا ابن وهب، قال اخبرني هشام بن سعد، عن زيد بن اسلم، عن ابيه، ان عمر بن الخطاب، قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم " ان موسى قال يا رب ارنا ادم الذي اخرجنا ونفسه من الجنة فاراه الله ادم فقال انت ابونا ادم فقال له ادم نعم . قال انت الذي نفخ الله فيك من روحه وعلمك الاسماء كلها وامر الملايكة فسجدوا لك قال نعم . قال فما حملك على ان اخرجتنا ونفسك من الجنة فقال له ادم ومن انت قال انا موسى . قال انت نبي بني اسراييل الذي كلمك الله من وراء الحجاب لم يجعل بينك وبينه رسولا من خلقه قال نعم . قال افما وجدت ان ذلك كان في كتاب الله قبل ان اخلق قال نعم . قال ففيم تلومني في شىء سبق من الله تعالى فيه القضاء قبلي " . قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عند ذلك " فحج ادم موسى فحج ادم موسى

Narrated Umar ibn al-Khattab: Muslim ibn Yasar al-Juhani said: When Umar ibn al-Khattab was asked about the verse "When your Lord took their offspring from the backs of the children of Adam" - al-Qa'nabi recited the verse--he said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say when he was questioned about it: Allah created Adam, then passed His right hand over his back, and brought forth from it his offspring, saying: I have these for Paradise and these will do the deeds of those who go to Paradise. He then passed His hand over his back and brought forth from it his offspring, saying: I have created these for Hell, and they will do the deeds of those who go to Hell. A man asked: What is the good of doing anything, Messenger of Allah? The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: When Allah creates a servant for Paradise, He employs him in doing the deeds of those who will go to Paradise, so that his final action before death is one of the deeds of those who go to Paradise, for which He will bring him into Paradise. But when He creates a servant for Hell, He employs him in doing the deeds of those who will go to Hell, so that his final action before death is one of the deeds of those who go to Hell, for which He will bring him into Hell

حدثنا عبد الله القعنبي، عن مالك، عن زيد بن ابي انيسة، ان عبد الحميد بن عبد الرحمن بن زيد بن الخطاب، اخبره عن مسلم بن يسار الجهني، ان عمر بن الخطاب، سيل عن هذه الاية، { واذ اخذ ربك من بني ادم من ظهورهم } قال قرا القعنبي الاية . فقال عمر سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم سيل عنها فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم " ان الله عز وجل خلق ادم ثم مسح ظهره بيمينه فاستخرج منه ذرية فقال خلقت هولاء للجنة وبعمل اهل الجنة يعملون ثم مسح ظهره فاستخرج منه ذرية فقال خلقت هولاء للنار وبعمل اهل النار يعملون " . فقال رجل يا رسول الله ففيم العمل فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم " ان الله عز وجل اذا خلق العبد للجنة استعمله بعمل اهل الجنة حتى يموت على عمل من اعمال اهل الجنة فيدخله به الجنة واذا خلق العبد للنار استعمله بعمل اهل النار حتى يموت على عمل من اعمال اهل النار فيدخله به النار

Nu’aim b. Rabl’ah said :I was with ‘Umar b. al-Khattab when he transmitted this tradition. The tradition of Malik is more perfect

حدثنا محمد بن المصفى، حدثنا بقية، قال حدثني عمر بن جعثم القرشي، قال حدثني زيد بن ابي انيسة، عن عبد الحميد بن عبد الرحمن، عن مسلم بن يسار، عن نعيم بن ربيعة، قال كنت عند عمر بن الخطاب بهذا الحديث وحديث مالك اتم

Ubayy b. Ka’b said :The boy whom al-Khidr had killed was created an infidel. Had he lived, he would have moved his parents to rebellion and unbelief

حدثنا القعنبي، حدثنا المعتمر، عن ابيه، عن رقبة بن مصقلة، عن ابي اسحاق، عن سعيد بن جبير، عن ابن عباس، عن ابى بن كعب، قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم " الغلام الذي قتله الخضر طبع كافرا ولو عاش لارهق ابويه طغيانا وكفرا

Ubayy b. Ka’b said :I heard the Messenger of Allah (May peace be upon him) explaining the verse “As for the youth his parents were people of Faith,” he was created infidel the day when he was created

حدثنا محمود بن خالد، حدثنا الفريابي، عن اسراييل، حدثنا ابو اسحاق، عن سعيد بن جبير، عن ابن عباس، قال حدثنا ابى بن كعب، قال سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول في قوله { واما الغلام فكان ابواه مومنين } " وكان طبع يوم طبع كافرا

Ibn ‘Abbas said :Ubayy b. Ka’b told me that the Messenger of Allah (May peace be upon him) said : Al-khidr saw a youth playing with boys. He took him by his head and uprooted it. Moses then said : Hast thou slain an innocent person who had slain none

حدثنا محمد بن مهران الرازي، حدثنا سفيان بن عيينة، عن عمرو، عن سعيد بن جبير، قال قال ابن عباس حدثني ابى بن كعب، عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال " ابصر الخضر غلاما يلعب مع الصبيان فتناول راسه فقلعه فقال موسى { اقتلت نفسا زكية } " . الاية

‘Abd Allah b. Mas’ud said :The Messenger of Allah (May peace be upon him) who spoke the truth and whose word was belief told us the following : The constituents of one of you are collected for forty days in his mother’s womb, then they become a piece of congealed blood for a similar period, then they become a lump of flesh for a similar period. Then Allah sends to him an angel with four words who records his provision the period of his life, his deeds, and whether he will be miserable or blessed ; thereafter he breathes the spirit into him. One of you will do the deeds of those who go to Paradise so that there will be only a cubit between him and it or will be within a cubit, then what is decreed will overcome him so that he will do the deeds of those who go to Hell and will enter it; and one of you will do the deeds of those who go to hell, so that there will be only a cubit between him and it or will be within a cubit, then what is decreed will overcome him, so that he will do the deeds of those who go to Paradise and will enter it

حدثنا حفص بن عمر النمري، حدثنا شعبة، ح وحدثنا محمد بن كثير، اخبرنا سفيان، - المعنى واحد والاخبار في حديث سفيان - عن الاعمش قال حدثنا زيد بن وهب حدثنا عبد الله بن مسعود قال حدثنا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وهو الصادق المصدوق " ان خلق احدكم يجمع في بطن امه اربعين يوما ثم يكون علقة مثل ذلك ثم يكون مضغة مثل ذلك ثم يبعث اليه ملك فيومر باربع كلمات فيكتب رزقه واجله وعمله ثم يكتب شقي او سعيد ثم ينفخ فيه الروح فان احدكم ليعمل بعمل اهل الجنة حتى ما يكون بينه وبينها الا ذراع او قيد ذراع فيسبق عليه الكتاب فيعمل بعمل اهل النار فيدخلها وان احدكم ليعمل بعمل اهل النار حتى ما يكون بينه وبينها الا ذراع او قيد ذراع فيسبق عليه الكتاب فيعمل بعمل اهل الجنة فيدخلها

‘Imran b. Husain said :The Messenger of Allah (May peace be upon him) was asked : Is it known who are those who will go to paradise and those who will go to hell? He said : Yes. He asked : Then what is the good of doing anything by those who act? He replied : Everyone is helped to do for which he has been created

حدثنا مسدد، حدثنا حماد بن زيد، عن يزيد الرشك، قال حدثنا مطرف، عن عمران بن حصين، قال قيل لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يا رسول الله اعلم اهل الجنة من اهل النار قال " نعم " . قال ففيم يعمل العاملون قال " كل ميسر لما خلق له

‘Umar reported the Prophet (May peace be upon him) was asked :Do not sit which those who believe in free will and do not address them before they address you

حدثنا احمد بن حنبل، حدثنا عبد الله بن يزيد المقري ابو عبد الرحمن، قال حدثني سعيد بن ابي ايوب، قال حدثني عطاء بن دينار، عن حكيم بن شريك الهذلي، عن يحيى بن ميمون الحضرمي، عن ربيعة الجرشي، عن ابي هريرة، عن عمر بن الخطاب، عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال " لا تجالسوا اهل القدر ولا تفاتحوهم

Ibn ‘Abbas reported that when the Prophet (May peace be upon him) was questioned about the offspring of polytheists, he said :Allah knows best about what they were doing

حدثنا مسدد، حدثنا ابو عوانة، عن ابي بشر، عن سعيد بن جبير، عن ابن عباس، ان النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم سيل عن اولاد المشركين فقال " الله اعلم بما كانوا عاملين

‘A’ishah said :I said : Messenger of Allah (May peace be upon him) what happens to the offspring of believers ? He replied : They are joined to their parents. I asked : Messenger of Allah! Although they have done nothing ? He replied : Allah knows best what they were doing. I asked : what happens to the offspring of polytheists, Messenger of Allah ? he replied! They are joined to their parents. I asked : Although they have done nothing? He replied : Allah knows best what they were doing

حدثنا عبد الوهاب بن نجدة، حدثنا بقية، ح وحدثنا موسى بن مروان الرقي، وكثير بن عبيد المذحجي، قالا حدثنا محمد بن حرب، - المعنى - عن محمد بن زياد، عن عبد الله بن ابي قيس، عن عايشة، قالت قلت يا رسول الله ذراري المومنين فقال " هم من ابايهم " . فقلت يا رسول الله بلا عمل قال " الله اعلم بما كانوا عاملين " . قلت يا رسول الله فذراري المشركين قال " من ابايهم " . قلت بلا عمل قال " الله اعلم بما كانوا عاملين

‘A’ishah, mother of the believers, said :The Prophet (May peace be upon him) was invited to the funeral of a boy who belonged to the ANSAR and I said; Messenger of Allah! This one is blessed, for he has done no evil, nor has he known it. He replied : It may be otherwise, ‘A’ishah, for Allah created Paradise and created those who will go to it, and He created it for them when they were still in their father’s loins; and he created hell and created those who will go to it, and created it for them when they were still in their father’s loins

حدثنا محمد بن كثير، اخبرنا سفيان، عن طلحة بن يحيى، عن عايشة بنت طلحة، عن عايشة ام المومنين، قالت اتي النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم بصبي من الانصار يصلي عليه قالت قلت يا رسول الله طوبى لهذا لم يعمل شرا ولم يدر به . فقال " اوغير ذلك يا عايشة ان الله خلق الجنة وخلق لها اهلا وخلقها لهم وهم في اصلاب ابايهم وخلق النار وخلق لها اهلا وخلقها لهم وهم في اصلاب ابايهم

Abu Hurairah reported the Messenger of Allah (May peace be upon him) as saying :Every child is born on Islam, but his parents make him a Jew and a Christian, just as a beast is born whole. Do you find some among them (born) maimed? The people asked : Messenger of Allah! What do you think about the one who died while he was young? He replied : Allah knows best what he was going to do

حدثنا القعنبي، عن مالك، عن ابي الزناد، عن الاعرج، عن ابي هريرة، قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم " كل مولود يولد على الفطرة فابواه يهودانه وينصرانه كما تناتج الابل من بهيمة جمعاء هل تحس من جدعاء " . قالوا يا رسول الله افرايت من يموت وهو صغير قال " الله اعلم بما كانوا عاملين

Abu Dawud said :Malik was asked : The heretics argue from this tradition against us. Malik said : Argue against them from its last part which goes. The people asked : What do you think about the one who died while he was young? He replied : Allah knows best what he was going to do

قال ابو داود قري على الحارث بن مسكين وانا اسمع، اخبرك يوسف بن عمرو، اخبرنا ابن وهب، قال سمعت مالكا، قيل له ان اهل الاهواء يحتجون علينا بهذا الحديث . قال مالك احتج عليهم باخره . قالوا ارايت من يموت وهو صغير قال " الله اعلم بما كانوا عاملين