Sunan Abu Dawud — Prayer

Talhah b. 'Ubaid Allah said:A man from among the people of Najd with disheveled hair came to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). The humming sound of his voice could be heard but what he was saying could not be understood. He came closer and it was then known that he was asking about Islam. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: Five times of prayer each day and night: He asked: Must I observe any more than them? He replied: No, unless you do it voluntarily. He (Talhah) said that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) mentioned fasting during the month of Ramadan. He asked: Must I observe anything else? He replied: No, unless you do it voluntarily. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) mentioned Zakat to him. He asked: Must I pay anything else? He replied: No, unless you do it voluntarily. The man then turned away saying: I swear by Allah, I shall not add anything to this or fall short of it. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: The man will be successful if he speaks truth

حدثنا عبد الله بن مسلمة، عن مالك، عن عمه ابي سهيل بن مالك، عن ابيه، انه سمع طلحة بن عبيد الله، يقول جاء رجل الى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم من اهل نجد ثاير الراس يسمع دوي صوته ولا يفقه ما يقول حتى دنا فاذا هو يسال عن الاسلام فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم " خمس صلوات في اليوم والليلة " . قال هل على غيرهن قال " لا الا ان تطوع " . قال وذكر له رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم صيام شهر رمضان قال هل على غيره قال " لا الا ان تطوع " . قال وذكر له رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم الصدقة . قال فهل على غيرها قال " لا الا ان تطوع " . فادبر الرجل وهو يقول والله لا ازيد على هذا ولا انقص . فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم " افلح ان صدق

This tradition has also been reported by Abu Suhail Nafi' b. Malik b. Abi 'Amir through a different chain of narrators. It adds:He will be successful, by his father, if he speaks the truth; he will enter Paradise, by his father, if he speaks the truth

حدثنا سليمان بن داود، حدثنا اسماعيل بن جعفر المدني، عن ابي سهيل، نافع بن مالك بن ابي عامر باسناده بهذا الحديث قال " افلح وابيه ان صدق دخل الجنة وابيه ان صدق

Narrated Abdullah Ibn Abbas: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: Gabriel (ﷺ) led me in prayer at the House (i.e. the Ka'bah). He prayed the noon prayer with me when the sun had passed the meridian to the extent of the thong of a sandal; he prayed the afternoon prayer with me when the shadow of everything was as long as itself; he prayed the sunset prayer with me when one who is fasting breaks the fast; he prayed the night prayer with me when the twilight had ended; and he prayed the dawn prayer with me when food and drink become forbidden to one who is keeping the fast. On the following day he prayed the noon prayer with me when his shadow was as long as himself; he prayed the afternoon prayer with me when his shadow was twice as long as himself; he prayed the sunset prayer at the time when one who is fasting breaks the fast; he prayed the night prayer with me when about the third of the night had passed; and he prayed the dawn prayer with me when there was a fair amount of light. Then turning to me he said: Muhammad, this is the time observed by the prophets before you, and the time is anywhere between two times

حدثنا مسدد، حدثنا يحيى، عن سفيان، حدثني عبد الرحمن بن فلان بن ابي ربيعة، - قال ابو داود هو عبد الرحمن بن الحارث بن عياش بن ابي ربيعة - عن حكيم بن حكيم، عن نافع بن جبير بن مطعم، عن ابن عباس، قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم " امني جبريل عليه السلام عند البيت مرتين فصلى بي الظهر حين زالت الشمس وكانت قدر الشراك وصلى بي العصر حين كان ظله مثله وصلى بي - يعني المغرب - حين افطر الصايم وصلى بي العشاء حين غاب الشفق وصلى بي الفجر حين حرم الطعام والشراب على الصايم فلما كان الغد صلى بي الظهر حين كان ظله مثله وصلى بي العصر حين كان ظله مثليه وصلى بي المغرب حين افطر الصايم وصلى بي العشاء الى ثلث الليل وصلى بي الفجر فاسفر ثم التفت الى فقال يا محمد هذا وقت الانبياء من قبلك والوقت ما بين هذين الوقتين

Ibn Shihab said:'Umar b. 'Abdul 'Aziz was sitting on the pulpit and he somewhat postponed the afternoon prayer. 'Urwah b. al-Zubair said to him: "Gabriel informed Muhammed (ﷺ) of the time of prayer". So 'Umar said to him: "Be sure of what you are saying". 'Urwah then replied: "I heard Bashir b. Abu Mas'ud say that he heard Abu Mas'ud al-Ansari say that he heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: 'Gabriel came down and informed me of the time of prayer, and I prayed along with him, then prayed along with him, then I prayed along with him, then I prayed along with him, then I prayed along with him, reckoning with his fingers five times of the prayer.' I saw the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) offering the Duhr prayer when the sun had passed the meridian. Sometimes he would delay it when it was sever heat ; and I witnessed that he prayer the 'Asr prayer when the sun was high and bright before the yellowness had overcome it; then a man could go off after the prayer and reach Dhu'l-Hulaifah before the sunset, and he would pray Maghrib when the sun had set ; and he would pray the 'Isha prayer when darkness prevailed over the horizon; sometime he would delay it until the people assembled; and once he prayer the fair prayer in the darkness of dawn and at another time he prayed it when it became fairly light; but later on he continued to pray in the darkness of dawn until his death; he never prayed it again in the light of the dawn." Abu Dawud said: This tradition has been transmitted from al-Zuhri by Ma'mar, Malik, Ibn 'Uyainah, Shu'aib b. Abi Hamzah, and al-Laith b. Sa'd and others; but they did not mention the time in which he (the Prophet) had prayer, nor did they explain it. And similarly it has been narrated by Hisham b. 'Urwah and Habib b. Abu Mazruq from 'Urwah like the report of Ma'mar and his companions. But Habib did not make a mention of Bashir. And Wahb b. Kaisan reported on the authority of Jabir from the Prophet (ﷺ) the time of the Maghrib prayer. He said: "Next day he (Gabriel) came to him at the time of the Maghrib prayer when the sun had already set. (He came both days) at the same time." Abu Dawud said: Similarly, this tradition has been transmitted by Abu Hurairah from the Prophet (ﷺ). He said: "Then he (Gabriel) led me in the sunset prayer next day at the same time." Similarly, this tradition has been narrated through a different chain by 'Abd Allah b. 'Amr b. al-'As, through a chain from Hassan b. 'Atiyyah, from 'Amr b. Shu'aib, from his father, on the authority from the Prophet (ﷺ)

Abu Musa reported:A man asked the Prophet (ﷺ) [about the prayer times] but he did reply to him but he commanded Bilal, who made the announcement for the beginning of the time of the the fair prayer prayer when the dawn broke. He offered (the fair prayer) when a man (due to darkness) could not recognize the face of his companion ; or a man could not know the person who stood by his side. He then commanded Bilal who made announcement for the beginning of the time of the Zuhr prayer when the sun had passed the meridian until some said: Has the noon come ? While he (the Prophet) knew (the time) well. He the commanded Bilal who announced the beginning of the time of the 'Asr prayer when the sun was white and high. When the sunset he commanded Bilal who announced beginning of the time of the Maghrib prayer. When the twilight disappeared he commanded Bilal who announced the beginning of the Isha prayer. Next day he offered the Fajr prayer and returned until we said: Has the sun rise ? He observed the Zuhr prayer at the time he has previously observed the 'Asr prayer. He offered the 'Asr prayer at the time when the sun had become yellow or the evening had come. He offered the Maghrib prayer before the twilight had ended. He observed the Isha prayer when a third of the night had passed. He then asked: Where is the man who was asking me about the time of prayer. (Then replying to him he said): The time (of your prayer) lies within these two limits. Abu Dawud said: Sulaiman b. Musa has narrated this tradition about the time of the Maghrib prayer from Musa from 'Ata on the authority of Jabir from the Prophet (ﷺ). This version adds: He then offered the Isha prayer when a third of the night had passed, as narrated (he said the Isha prayer) when half the night had passed. This tradition has been transmitted by Ibn Buraidah on the authority of his father from the Prophet (ﷺ) in a similar way

حدثنا مسدد، حدثنا عبد الله بن داود، حدثنا بدر بن عثمان، حدثنا ابو بكر بن ابي موسى، عن ابي موسى، ان سايلا، سال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فلم يرد عليه شييا حتى امر بلالا فاقام للفجر حين انشق الفجر فصلى حين كان الرجل لا يعرف وجه صاحبه او ان الرجل لا يعرف من الى جنبه ثم امر بلالا فاقام الظهر حين زالت الشمس حتى قال القايل انتصف النهار . وهو اعلم ثم امر بلالا فاقام العصر والشمس بيضاء مرتفعة وامر بلالا فاقام المغرب حين غابت الشمس وامر بلالا فاقام العشاء حين غاب الشفق فلما كان من الغد صلى الفجر وانصرف فقلنا اطلعت الشمس فاقام الظهر في وقت العصر الذي كان قبله وصلى العصر وقد اصفرت الشمس - او قال امسى - وصلى المغرب قبل ان يغيب الشفق وصلى العشاء الى ثلث الليل ثم قال " اين السايل عن وقت الصلاة الوقت فيما بين هذين " . قال ابو داود رواه سليمان بن موسى عن عطاء عن جابر عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في المغرب بنحو هذا قال ثم صلى العشاء قال بعضهم الى ثلث الليل وقال بعضهم الى شطره . وكذلك رواه ابن بريدة عن ابيه عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم

Abd Allah b. 'Amr reported the Prophet (ﷺ) as saying:The time of the Zuhr prayer is as along as the time of the 'Asr prayer has not come; the time of the Asr prayer is as long as the sun has not become yellow ; the time of the Maghrib prayer is as long as the twilight has not ended; the time of the Isha prayer is up to midnight; and the time of the Fajr prayer is as long as the sun has not risen

حدثنا عبيد الله بن معاذ، حدثنا ابي، حدثنا شعبة، عن قتادة، سمع ابا ايوب، عن عبد الله بن عمرو، عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم انه قال " وقت الظهر ما لم تحضر العصر ووقت العصر ما لم تصفر الشمس ووقت المغرب ما لم يسقط فور الشفق ووقت العشاء الى نصف الليل ووقت صلاة الفجر ما لم تطلع الشمس

Muhammad b. 'Amr b. al-Hasan reported:We asked Jabir about the time of the prayer of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). He said: He used to offer the Zuhr prayer in the midday heat, the 'Asr prayer when the sun was bright, the Maghrib prayer when the sun had completely set, the Isha prayer early when many people were present, but late if there were few, and the Fajr prayer in the darkness (of the dawn)

حدثنا مسلم بن ابراهيم، حدثنا شعبة، عن سعد بن ابراهيم، عن محمد بن عمرو، - وهو ابن الحسن بن علي بن ابي طالب - قال - سالنا جابرا عن وقت، صلاة النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال كان يصلي الظهر بالهاجرة والعصر والشمس حية والمغرب اذا غربت الشمس والعشاء اذا كثر الناس عجل واذا قلوا اخر والصبح بغلس

Abu Barzah reported:The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) would offer the Zuhr prayer when the sun had passed the meridian; he would offer 'Asr prayer after which one of us would visit the skirts of Medina and return him while the sun was still bright; I forgot what he said about the Maghrib prayer; he did not fear postponing the Isha prayer until a third of night had passed, or he said: until the midnight had passed. He would dislike sleeping before it or talking after it. And he would offer the Fajr prayer when a man could recognize his neighbor whom he recognized well; and he would recite from sixty to a hundred verses during it

حدثنا حفص بن عمر، حدثنا شعبة، عن ابي المنهال، عن ابي برزة، قال كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يصلي الظهر اذا زالت الشمس ويصلي العصر وان احدنا ليذهب الى اقصى المدينة ويرجع والشمس حية ونسيت المغرب وكان لا يبالي تاخير العشاء الى ثلث الليل . قال ثم قال الى شطر الليل . قال وكان يكره النوم قبلها والحديث بعدها وكان يصلي الصبح وما يعرف احدنا جليسه الذي كان يعرفه وكان يقرا فيها من الستين الى الماية

Narrated Jabir ibn Abdullah: I would offer my noon prayer with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and took a handful of gravels so that they might become cold in my hand and I placed them (before me) so that I may put my forehead on them at the time when I would prostrate. I did this due to the intensity of heat

حدثنا احمد بن حنبل، ومسدد، قالا حدثنا عباد بن عباد، حدثنا محمد بن عمرو، عن سعيد بن الحارث الانصاري، عن جابر بن عبد الله، قال كنت اصلي الظهر مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فاخذ قبضة من الحصى لتبرد في كفي اضعها لجبهتي اسجد عليها لشدة الحر

Narrated Abdullah ibn Mas'ud: The extent of the shadow when the Messenger of Allah prayed (the noon prayer) was three to five feet in summer and five to seven feet in winter

حدثنا عثمان بن ابي شيبة، حدثنا عبيدة بن حميد، عن ابي مالك الاشجعي، سعد بن طارق عن كثير بن مدرك، عن الاسود، ان عبد الله بن مسعود، قال كانت قدر صلاة رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في الصيف ثلاثة اقدام الى خمسة اقدام وفي الشتاء خمسة اقدام الى سبعة اقدام

Abu Dharr said:We were in the company of the Prophet (ﷺ). The mu'adhdhin intended to call for the Zuhr prayer. He said: Make it cooler. He then intended to call for prayer. He said twice or thrice: Make it cooler. We then witnessed the shadow of the mounds. He then said: The intensity of heat comes from the bubbling over of the Hell ; so when the heat is violent, offer (the Zuhr) prayer when it becomes cooler

حدثنا ابو الوليد الطيالسي، حدثنا شعبة، اخبرني ابو الحسن، - قال ابو داود ابو الحسن هو مهاجر - قال سمعت زيد بن وهب، يقول سمعت ابا ذر، يقول كنا مع النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فاراد الموذن ان يوذن الظهر فقال " ابرد " . ثم اراد ان يوذن فقال " ابرد " . مرتين او ثلاثا حتى راينا فىء التلول ثم قال " ان شدة الحر من فيح جهنم فاذا اشتد الحر فابردوا بالصلاة

Abu Hurairah reported the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) as saying:When the heat is violent, offer (the Zuhr) prayer when it becomes fairly cool, for the violent heat comes from the bubbling over the Hell

حدثنا يزيد بن خالد بن موهب الهمداني، وقتيبة بن سعيد الثقفي، ان الليث، حدثهم عن ابن شهاب، عن سعيد بن المسيب، وابي، سلمة عن ابي هريرة، ان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال " اذا اشتد الحر فابردوا عن الصلاة " . قال ابن موهب " بالصلاة فان شدة الحر من فيح جهنم

Jabir b. Samurah reported that Bilal used to call for the noon prayer when the sun had declined

حدثنا موسى بن اسماعيل، حدثنا حماد، عن سماك بن حرب، عن جابر بن سمرة، ان بلالا، كان يوذن الظهر اذا دحضت الشمس

Anas b. Malik said the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to say the 'Asr prayer when the sun was high and bright and living, then one would go off to al-'Awali and get there while the sun was still high

حدثنا قتيبة بن سعيد، حدثنا الليث، عن ابن شهاب، عن انس بن مالك، انه اخبره ان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم كان يصلي العصر والشمس بيضاء مرتفعة حية ويذهب الذاهب الى العوالي والشمس مرتفعة

Al-Zuhri said:Al-'Awali is situated at a distance of two miles or three (from Medina). He (the narrator) said: I think he said: or four miles

حدثنا الحسن بن علي، حدثنا عبد الرزاق، اخبرنا معمر، عن الزهري، قال والعوالي على ميلين او ثلاثة . قال واحسبه قال او اربعة

Khaythamah said:By the life of the sun is meant that you may find heat in it

حدثنا يوسف بن موسى، حدثنا جرير، عن منصور، عن خيثمة، قال حياتها ان تجد، حرها

Aishah said:The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) would offer the Zuhr prayer while the sunlight was present in her apartment before it ascended (the walls)

حدثنا القعنبي، قال قرات على مالك بن انس عن ابن شهاب، قال عروة ولقد حدثتني عايشة، ان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم كان يصلي العصر والشمس في حجرتها قبل ان تظهر

Narrated Ali ibn Shayban: We came upon the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) in Medina. He would postpone the afternoon prayer as long as the sun remained white and clear

حدثنا محمد بن عبد الرحمن العنبري، حدثنا ابراهيم بن ابي الوزير، حدثنا محمد بن يزيد اليمامي، حدثني يزيد بن عبد الرحمن بن علي بن شيبان، عن ابيه، عن جده، علي بن شيبان قال قدمنا على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم المدينة فكان يوخر العصر ما دامت الشمس بيضاء نقية

Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) reported the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) as saying on the day of Battle of Khandaq (Trench). They (the unbelievers) prevented us from offering the middle prayer i.e. 'Asr prayer. May Allah fill their houses and their graves with Hell-fire

حدثنا عثمان بن ابي شيبة، حدثنا يحيى بن زكريا بن ابي زايدة، ويزيد بن هارون، عن هشام بن حسان، عن محمد بن سيرين، عن عبيدة، عن علي، - رضى الله عنه - ان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال يوم الخندق " حبسونا عن صلاة الوسطى صلاة العصر ملا الله بيوتهم وقبورهم نارا

Abu Yunus, the freed slave of 'Aishah said:'Aishah commanded me to write for her come passage from the Qur'an. She also added: When you reach the following verse, inform me: "Be guardian of your prayers and of the midmost prayer" (2:238). When I reached it, I informed her. She asked me to write: "Be guardians of your prayers, and of the midmost prayer, and of the 'Asr prayer, and stand up with devotion of Allah" (2:238). 'Aishah then said: I heard it from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)

حدثنا القعنبي، عن مالك، عن زيد بن اسلم، عن القعقاع بن حكيم، عن ابي يونس، مولى عايشة - رضي الله عنها - انه قال امرتني عايشة ان اكتب لها مصحفا وقالت اذا بلغت هذه الاية فاذني { حافظوا على الصلوات والصلاة الوسطى } فلما بلغتها اذنتها فاملت على { حافظوا على الصلوات والصلاة الوسطى وصلاة العصر وقوموا لله قانتين } ثم قالت عايشة سمعتها من رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم