Sunan Abu Dawud — Divorce

Rabah said:My people married me to a Roman slave-girl of theirs. I had intercourse with her, and she gave birth to a black (male) child like me. I named it Abdullah. I again had intercourse with her, and she gave birth to a black (male) child like me. I named it Ubaydullah. Then a Roman slave of my people, called Yuhannah, incited her, and spoke to her in his own unintelligible language. She gave birth to a son like a chameleon (red). I asked her: What is this? She replied: This belongs to Yuhannah. We then brought the case to Uthman (for a decision). I think Mahdi said these words. He inquired from both of them, and they acknowledged (the facts). He then said to them: Do you agree that I take the decision about you, which the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) had taken? The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) decided that the child was to attributed to the one on whose bed it was born. And I think he said: He flogged her and flogged him, for they were slaves

حدثنا موسى بن اسماعيل، حدثنا مهدي بن ميمون ابو يحيى، حدثنا محمد بن عبد الله بن ابي يعقوب، عن الحسن بن سعد، مولى الحسن بن علي بن ابي طالب - رضى الله عنه - عن رباح، قال زوجني اهلي امة لهم رومية فوقعت عليها فولدت غلاما اسود مثلي فسميته عبد الله ثم وقعت عليها فولدت غلاما اسود مثلي فسميته عبيد الله ثم طبن لها غلام لاهلي رومي يقال له يوحنه فراطنها بلسانه فولدت غلاما كانه وزغة من الوزغات فقلت لها ما هذا فقالت هذا ليوحنه . فرفعنا الى عثمان احسبه قال مهدي قال فسالهما فاعترفا فقال لهما اترضيان ان اقضي بينكما بقضاء رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قضى ان الولد للفراش . واحسبه قال فجلدها وجلده وكانا مملوكين

Amr b. Shu'aib on his father's authority said that his grandfather (Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-'As) reported:A woman said: Messenger of Allah, my womb is a vessel to this son of mine, my breasts, a water-skin for him, and my lap a guard for him, yet his father has divorced me, and wants to take him away from me. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: You have more right to him as long as you do not marry

حدثنا محمود بن خالد السلمي، حدثنا الوليد، عن ابي عمرو، - يعني الاوزاعي - حدثني عمرو بن شعيب، عن ابيه، عن جده عبد الله بن عمرو، ان امراة، قالت يا رسول الله ان ابني هذا كان بطني له وعاء وثديي له سقاء وحجري له حواء وان اباه طلقني واراد ان ينتزعه مني فقال لها رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم " انت احق به ما لم تنكحي

Hilal ibn Usamah quoted Abu Maimunah Salma, client of the people of Medina, as saying:While I was sitting with AbuHurayrah, a Persian woman came to him along with a son of hers. She had been divorced by her husband and they both claimed him. She said: AbuHurayrah, speaking to him in Persian, my husband wishes to take my son away. AbuHurayrah said: Cast lots for him, saying it to her in a foreign language. Then her husband came and asked: Who is disputing with me about my son? AbuHurayrah said: O Allah, I do not say this, except that I heard a woman who came to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) while I was sitting with him, and she said: My husband wishes to take away my son, Messenger of Allah, and he draws water for me from the well of AbuInabah, and he has been good to me. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: Cast lots for him. Her husband said: Who is disputing with me about my son? The Prophet (ﷺ) said: This is your father and this your mother, so take whichever of them you wish by the hand. So he took his mother's hand and she went away with him

حدثنا الحسن بن علي الحلواني، حدثنا عبد الرزاق، وابو عاصم عن ابن جريج، اخبرني زياد، عن هلال بن اسامة، ان ابا ميمونة، سلمى - مولى من اهل المدينة رجل صدق - قال بينما انا جالس مع ابي هريرة جاءته امراة فارسية معها ابن لها فادعياه وقد طلقها زوجها فقالت يا ابا هريرة - ورطنت له بالفارسية - زوجي يريد ان يذهب بابني فقال ابو هريرة استهما عليه ورطن لها بذلك فجاء زوجها فقال من يحاقني في ولدي فقال ابو هريرة اللهم اني لا اقول هذا الا اني سمعت امراة جاءت الى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وانا قاعد عنده فقالت يا رسول الله ان زوجي يريد ان يذهب بابني وقد سقاني من بير ابي عنبة وقد نفعني . فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم " استهما عليه " . فقال زوجها من يحاقني في ولدي فقال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم " هذا ابوك وهذه امك فخذ بيد ايهما شيت " . فاخذ بيد امه فانطلقت به

Narrated Ali ibn AbuTalib: Zayd ibn Harithah went out to Mecca and brought the daughter of Hamzah with him. Then Ja'far said: I shall take her; I have more right to her; she is my uncle's daughter and her maternal aunt is my wife; the maternal aunt is like mother. Ali said: I am more entitled to take her. She is my uncle's daughter. The daughter of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) is my wife, and she has more right to her. Zayd said: I have more right to her. I went out and journeyed to her, and brought her with me. The Prophet (ﷺ) came out. The narrator mentioned the rest of the tradition. He (i.e. the Prophet) said: As for the girl, I decided in favour of Ja'far. She will live with her maternal aunt. The maternal aunt is like mother

حدثنا العباس بن عبد العظيم، حدثنا عبد الملك بن عمرو، حدثنا عبد العزيز بن محمد، عن يزيد بن الهاد، عن محمد بن ابراهيم، عن نافع بن عجير، عن ابيه، عن علي، - رضى الله عنه - قال خرج زيد بن حارثة الى مكة فقدم بابنة حمزة فقال جعفر انا اخذها انا احق بها ابنة عمي وعندي خالتها وانما الخالة ام . فقال علي انا احق بها ابنة عمي وعندي ابنة رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وهي احق بها . فقال زيد انا احق بها انا خرجت اليها وسافرت وقدمت بها . فخرج النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فذكر حديثا قال " واما الجارية فاقضي بها لجعفر تكون مع خالتها وانما الخالة ام

This tradition has been narrated by ‘Abd Al Rahman bin Abi Laila through a different chain of narrators. This version has “He decided that she would be given to Ja’far and said “Her maternal aunt is with him(i.e., his wife)

حدثنا محمد بن عيسى، حدثنا سفيان، عن ابي فروة، عن عبد الرحمن بن ابي ليلى، بهذا الخبر وليس بتمامه قال وقضى بها لجعفر وقال " ان خالتها عنده

Narrated Ali ibn AbuTalib: When we came out from Mecca, Hamzah's daughter pursued us crying: My uncle. Ali lifted her and took her by the hand. (Addressing Fatimah he said:) Take your uncle's daughter. She then lifted her. The narrator then transmitted the rest of the tradition. Ja'far said: She is my uncle's daughter. Her maternal aunt is my wife. The Prophet (ﷺ) decided in favour of her maternal aunt, and said: The maternal aunt is like mother

حدثنا عباد بن موسى، ان اسماعيل بن جعفر، حدثهم عن اسراييل، عن ابي اسحاق، عن هاني، وهبيرة، عن علي، قال لما خرجنا من مكة تبعتنا بنت حمزة تنادي يا عم يا عم . فتناولها علي فاخذ بيدها وقال دونك بنت عمك . فحملتها فقص الخبر قال وقال جعفر ابنة عمي وخالتها تحتي . فقضى بها النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم لخالتها وقال " الخالة بمنزلة الام

Amr ibn Muhajir reported on the authority of his father:Asma', daughter of Yazid ibn as-Sakan al-Ansariyyah, was divorced in the time of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). No waiting period was prescribed for a divorced woman (at that time). When Asma' was divorced, Allah, the Exalted, sent down the injunction of waiting period for divorce. She is the first of the divorced women about whom the verse relating to waiting period was sent down

حدثنا سليمان بن عبد الحميد البهراني، حدثني يحيى بن صالح، حدثنا اسماعيل بن عياش، حدثني عمرو بن مهاجر، عن ابيه، عن اسماء بنت يزيد بن السكن الانصارية، انها طلقت على عهد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ولم يكن للمطلقة عدة فانزل الله عز وجل حين طلقت اسماء بالعدة للطلاق فكانت اول من انزلت فيها العدة للمطلقات

Narrated Abdullah ibn Abbas: Women who are divorced shall wait, keeping themselves apart, three monthly courses; and then said: And for such of your women as despair of menstruation, if ye doubt, their period (of waiting) shall be three months. This was abrogated from the former verse. Again he said: (O ye who believe, if ye wed believing women) and divorce them before ye have touched them, then there is no period that ye should reckon

حدثني احمد بن محمد بن ثابت المروزي، حدثني علي بن حسين، عن ابيه، عن يزيد النحوي، عن عكرمة، عن ابن عباس، قال { والمطلقات يتربصن بانفسهن ثلاثة قروء } . وقال { واللايي ييسن من المحيض من نسايكم ان ارتبتم فعدتهن ثلاثة اشهر } فنسخ من ذلك وقال { وان طلقتموهن من قبل ان تمسوهن } { فما لكم عليهن من عدة تعتدونها}

Narrated Umar ibn al-Khattab: The Prophet (ﷺ) divorced Hafsah, but he took her back in marriage

حدثنا سهل بن محمد بن الزبير العسكري، حدثنا يحيى بن زكريا بن ابي زايدة، عن صالح بن صالح، عن سلمة بن كهيل، عن سعيد بن جبير، عن ابن عباس، عن عمر، ان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم طلق حفصة ثم راجعها

Abu Salamah bin ‘Abd Al Rahman reported on the authority of Fatimah daughter of Qais Abu ‘Amr bin Hafs divorced her (Fatimah daughter of Qais) absolutely when he was away from home and his agent sent her home barley. She was displeased with it. He said “I swear by Allah, you have no claim on us. She then came to Apostle of Allah (ﷺ) and mentioned that to him. He said to her “No maintenance is due to you from him. He ordered her to spend the waiting period in the house of Umm Sharik but he said afterwards “that is a woman whom my Companions visit. Spend the waiting period in the house of Ibn Umm Maktum for he is blind and you can undress. Then when you are in a position of being remarried, tell me.” She said “When I was in a position to remarry, I mentioned to him that Mu’awiyah bin Abi Sufyan and Abu Jahm had asked me in marriage. The Apostle of Allah (ﷺ)said “As for Abu Jahm, he does not put down his stick from his shoulder, and as for Mu’awiyah he is a poor man who has no property; marry Usamah bin Zaid. I disliked him but he said “Marry Usamah bin Zaid. So, I married him. And Allah prospered him very much and I was envied.”

حدثنا القعنبي، عن مالك، عن عبد الله بن يزيد، مولى الاسود بن سفيان عن ابي سلمة بن عبد الرحمن، عن فاطمة بنت قيس، ان ابا عمرو بن حفص، طلقها البتة وهو غايب فارسل اليها وكيله بشعير فتسخطته فقال والله ما لك علينا من شىء . فجاءت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فذكرت ذلك له فقال لها " ليس لك عليه نفقة " . وامرها ان تعتد في بيت ام شريك ثم قال " ان تلك امراة يغشاها اصحابي اعتدي في بيت ابن ام مكتوم فانه رجل اعمى تضعين ثيابك واذا حللت فاذنيني " . قالت فلما حللت ذكرت له ان معاوية بن ابي سفيان وابا جهم خطباني فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم " اما ابو جهم فلا يضع عصاه عن عاتقه واما معاوية فصعلوك لا مال له انكحي اسامة بن زيد " . قالت فكرهته ثم قال " انكحي اسامة بن زيد . فنكحته فجعل الله تعالى فيه خيرا كثيرا واغتبطت به

Abu Salamah bin ‘Abd Al Rahman said that Fatimah daughter of Qais told him that Abu Hafs Al Mughirah divorced her three times. He then narrated the rest of the tradition. The version has Khalid bin Walid and some people of Banu Makhzum came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said Prophet of Allaah (ﷺ) Abu Hafs Al Mughirah divorced his wife three times and he has left a little for her. He said “No maintenance is necessary for her. He then transmitted the rest of the tradition. The tradition narrated by Malik is more perfect

حدثنا موسى بن اسماعيل، حدثنا ابان بن يزيد العطار، حدثنا يحيى بن ابي كثير، حدثني ابو سلمة بن عبد الرحمن، ان فاطمة بنت قيس، حدثته ان ابا حفص بن المغيرة طلقها ثلاثا وساق الحديث فيه وان خالد بن الوليد ونفرا من بني مخزوم اتوا النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فقالوا يا نبي الله ان ابا حفص بن المغيرة طلق امراته ثلاثا وانه ترك لها نفقة يسيرة فقال " لا نفقة لها " . وساق الحديث وحديث مالك اتم

Abu Salamah reported on the authority of Fatimah daughter of Qais that Abu ‘Amr bin Hafs Al Makhzumi divorced her three times. He then narrated the rest of the tradition. He then mentioned about Khalid bin Walid and said that the Prophet (ﷺ) said “There are no maintenance and dwelling for her.” This version has “The Apostle of Allaah(ﷺ) sent a message to her “Do not give her consent for marriage without my permission.””

حدثنا محمود بن خالد، حدثنا الوليد، حدثنا ابو عمرو، عن يحيى، حدثني ابو سلمة، حدثتني فاطمة بنت قيس، ان ابا عمرو بن حفص المخزومي، طلقها ثلاثا وساق الحديث وخبر خالد بن الوليد قال فقال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم " ليست لها نفقة ولا مسكن " . قال فيه وارسل اليها النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ان لا تسبقيني بنفسك

Fatimah daughter of Qais said “I was married to a man of Banu Makhzum. He divorced me absolutely. The narrator then transmitted the rest of the tradition like that of Malik. This version has “Do not marry yourself without my permission.” Abu Dawud said Al Sha’bi, Al Bahiyy and ata from abd Al Rahman bin asim and Abu Bakr bin Abi Al Jahm all narrated on the authority of Fatimah daughter of Qais that her husband had divorced her three times

حدثنا قتيبة بن سعيد، ان اسماعيل بن جعفر، حدثهم حدثنا محمد بن عمرو، عن يحيى، عن ابي سلمة، عن فاطمة بنت قيس، قالت كنت عند رجل من بني مخزوم فطلقني البتة ثم ساق نحو حديث مالك قال فيه " ولا تفوتيني بنفسك " . قال ابو داود وكذلك رواه الشعبي والبهي وعطاء عن عبد الرحمن بن عاصم وابو بكر بن ابي الجهم كلهم عن فاطمة بنت قيس ان زوجها طلقها ثلاثا

The tradition mentioned above has also been transmitted by Al Sha’bi through a different chain of narrators. This version has “The husband of Fathima daughter of Qais pronounced her triple divorce. The Prophet (ﷺ) did not allow her to have maintenance and dwelling.”

حدثنا محمد بن كثير، اخبرنا سفيان، حدثنا سلمة بن كهيل، عن الشعبي، عن فاطمة بنت قيس، ان زوجها، طلقها ثلاثا فلم يجعل لها النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم نفقة ولا سكنى

Abu Salamah reported on the authority of Fatimah daughter of Qays who said to him that she was the wife of AbuHafs ibn al-Mughirah who divorced her by three pronouncements. She said that she came to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and sought his opinion about her going out from her house. He commanded her to shift to (the house of )Ibn Umm Maktum who was blind. Marwan denied to confirm the tradition of Fatimah about the going out of a divorced woman from her house. Urwah said:Aisha objected to Fatimah daughter of Qays. Abu Dawud said: Salih b. Kaisan, Ibn Juraij, and Shu'aib b. Abi Hamzah -- all of them narrated on the authority of al-Zuhru in a similar way. Abu Dawud said: Shu'aibn b. Abi Hamzah the name of Abu Hamzah is Dinar. He is a client of Ziyad

حدثنا يزيد بن خالد الرملي، حدثنا الليث، عن عقيل، عن ابن شهاب، عن ابي سلمة، عن فاطمة بنت قيس، انها اخبرته انها، كانت عند ابي حفص بن المغيرة وان ابا حفص بن المغيرة طلقها اخر ثلاث تطليقات فزعمت انها جاءت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فاستفتته في خروجها من بيتها فامرها ان تنتقل الى ابن ام مكتوم الاعمى فابى مروان ان يصدق حديث فاطمة في خروج المطلقة من بيتها . قال عروة وانكرت عايشة - رضى الله عنها - على فاطمة بنت قيس . قال ابو داود وكذلك رواه صالح بن كيسان وابن جريج وشعيب بن ابي حمزة كلهم عن الزهري . قال ابو داود وشعيب بن ابي حمزة واسم ابي حمزة دينار وهو مولى زياد

‘Ubaid Allah said “Marwan sent someone (Qabisah) to Fatimah and asked her (about the case). She said that she was the wife of Abu Hafs. The Prophet (ﷺ) appointed ‘Ali as governor in a certain part of Yemen. Her husband also proceeded with him. From there he sent a message to her pronouncing one divorce that had yet remained. He commanded ‘Ayyash bin Abi Rabi’ah and Al Harith bin Hisham to provide maintenance to her. They said “By Allah there is no sustenance for her except in case she is pregnant.” She came to the Prophet(ﷺ) who said “There is no sustenance for you except in case you are pregnant. She then asked permission to shift (from her house) and he gave her permission.” She asked “Where should I shift. Apostle of Allaah(ﷺ)? The Apostle of Allaah(ﷺ) said to Ibn Umm Maktum . He was blind. She would undress herself and he could not see her. She lived there till her waiting period passed. The Prophet (ﷺ) married her to Usamah. Qabisah then returned to Marwan and narrated that to him. Marwan said “We did not hear this tradition except from a woman, so we shall follow the reliable practice on which we found the people”. When this reached Fatimah she said “between me and you is the Book of Allah”. Allaah the exalted said “Divorce them for their waiting period...” Thou knowest not it may be that Allaah will afterward bring some new thing to pass. She said “What a new thing will emerge after triple divorce.” Abu Dawud said “A similar tradition has been narrated by Yunus on the authority of Al Zuhri. As for Al Zubaidi he narrated both traditions, the tradition of ‘Ubaid Allah in the version of Ma’mar and the tradition of Abu Salamah in the version of ‘Aqil.” Abu Dawud said “Muhammad bin Ishaq narrated on the authority of Al Zuhri that Qabisah bin Dhuwaib transmitted to him the version which was narrated by ‘Ubaid Allah bin ‘Abd Allaah which has Qabisah then returned to Marwan and informed him about that.”

حدثنا مخلد بن خالد، حدثنا عبد الرزاق، عن معمر، عن الزهري، عن عبيد الله، قال ارسل مروان الى فاطمة فسالها فاخبرته انها كانت عند ابي حفص وكان النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم امر علي بن ابي طالب - يعني على بعض اليمن - فخرج معه زوجها فبعث اليها بتطليقة كانت بقيت لها وامر عياش بن ابي ربيعة والحارث بن هشام ان ينفقا عليها فقالا والله ما لها نفقة الا ان تكون حاملا . فاتت النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال " لا نفقة لك الا ان تكوني حاملا " . واستاذنته في الانتقال فاذن لها فقالت اين انتقل يا رسول الله قال " عند ابن ام مكتوم " . وكان اعمى تضع ثيابها عنده ولا يبصرها فلم تزل هناك حتى مضت عدتها فانكحها النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم اسامة فرجع قبيصة الى مروان فاخبره بذلك فقال مروان لم نسمع هذا الحديث الا من امراة فسناخذ بالعصمة التي وجدنا الناس عليها فقالت فاطمة حين بلغها ذلك بيني وبينكم كتاب الله قال الله تعالى { فطلقوهن لعدتهن } حتى { لا تدري لعل الله يحدث بعد ذلك امرا } قالت فاى امر يحدث بعد الثلاث قال ابو داود وكذلك رواه يونس عن الزهري واما الزبيدي فروى الحديثين جميعا حديث عبيد الله بمعنى معمر وحديث ابي سلمة بمعنى عقيل ورواه محمد بن اسحاق عن الزهري ان قبيصة بن ذويب حدثه بمعنى دل على خبر عبيد الله بن عبد الله حين قال فرجع قبيصة الى مروان فاخبره بذلك

Abu Ishaq said “I was with Al Aswad in the congregational mosque. He said “Fathimah daughter of Qais came to ‘Umar bin Al Khattab(may Allaah be pleased with him). (When she narrated the tradition about her divorce) he said “We are not to leave the Book of our Lord and the Sunnah of our Prophet (ﷺ) for the statement of a woman, we do not know whether she remembered it or not.”

حدثنا نصر بن علي، اخبرني ابو احمد، حدثنا عمار بن رزيق، عن ابي اسحاق، قال كنت في المسجد الجامع مع الاسود فقال اتت فاطمة بنت قيس عمر بن الخطاب - رضى الله عنه - فقال ما كنا لندع كتاب ربنا وسنة نبينا صلى الله عليه وسلم لقول امراة لا ندري احفظت ذلك ام لا

Urwah said:Aisha (Allah be pleased with her) severely objected to the tradition of Fatimah daughter of Qays. She said: Fatimah lived in a desolate house and she feared for her loneliness there. Hence the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) accorded permission to her (to leave the place)

حدثنا سليمان بن داود، حدثنا ابن وهب، حدثنا عبد الرحمن بن ابي الزناد، عن هشام بن عروة، عن ابيه، قال لقد عابت ذلك عايشة - رضى الله عنها - اشد العيب يعني حديث فاطمة بنت قيس وقالت ان فاطمة كانت في مكان وحش فخيف على ناحيتها فلذلك رخص لها رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم

Urwah ibn az-Zubayr said:Aisha was asked: Did you not see (i.e. known) the statement of Fatimah? She replied: It is not good for her to mention it (to others)

حدثنا محمد بن كثير، اخبرنا سفيان، عن عبد الرحمن بن القاسم، عن ابيه، عن عروة بن الزبير، انه قيل لعايشة الم ترى الى قول فاطمة قالت اما انه لا خير لها في ذكر ذلك

Sulaimah bin Yasar said about leaving the house by Fathimah “That was due to her bad manners.”

حدثنا هارون بن زيد، حدثنا ابي، عن سفيان، عن يحيى بن سعيد، عن سليمان بن يسار، في خروج فاطمة قال انما كان ذلك من سوء الخلق