Sunan Abu Dawud — Marriage

Ibn Az-Zubayr reported on the authority of Umm Habibah that she was the wife of Ibn Jahsh, but he died, He was among those who migrated to Abyssinia. Negus then married her to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)

حدثنا محمد بن يحيى بن فارس، حدثنا عبد الرزاق، عن معمر، عن الزهري، عن عروة بن الزبير، عن ام حبيبة، انها كانت عند ابن جحش فهلك عنها - وكان فيمن هاجر الى ارض الحبشة - فزوجها النجاشي رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وهي عندهم

Ma’qil bin Yasar said:I had a sister and I was asked to give her in marriage. My cousin came to me and I married her to him. He then divorced her one revocable divorce. He abandoned her till her waiting period passed. When I was asked to give her in marriage, he again came to me and asked her in marriage. Thereupon I said to him “No, by Allah, I will never marry her to you. Then the following verse was revealed about my case: “And when ye have divorced women and they reach their term, place not difficulties in the way of their marrying their husbands.” So I expiated for my oath, and married her off to him

حدثنا محمد بن المثنى، حدثني ابو عامر، حدثنا عباد بن راشد، عن الحسن، حدثني معقل بن يسار، قال كانت لي اخت تخطب الى فاتاني ابن عم لي فانكحتها اياه ثم طلقها طلاقا له رجعة ثم تركها حتى انقضت عدتها فلما خطبت الى اتاني يخطبها فقلت لا والله لا انكحها ابدا . قال ففي نزلت هذه الاية { واذا طلقتم النساء فبلغن اجلهن فلا تعضلوهن ان ينكحن ازواجهن } الاية . قال فكفرت عن يميني فانكحتها اياه

Narrated Samurah: The Prophet (ﷺ) said: Any woman who is married by two guardians (to two different men) belongs to the first woman who is married by two guardians (to two different men) belongs to the first of them and anything sold by a man to two persons belongs to the first of them

حدثنا مسلم بن ابراهيم، حدثنا هشام، ح وحدثنا محمد بن كثير، اخبرنا همام، ح وحدثنا موسى بن اسماعيل، حدثنا حماد، - المعنى - عن قتادة، عن الحسن، عن سمرة، عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال " ايما امراة زوجها وليان فهي للاول منهما وايما رجل باع بيعا من رجلين فهو للاول منهما

Narrated Abdullah ibn Abbas: About the Qur'anic verse: "It is not lawful for you forcibly to inherit the woman (of your deceased kinsmen), nor (that) ye should put constraint upon them. When a man died, his relatives had more right to his wife then her own guardian. If any one of them wanted to marry her, he did so; or they married her (to some other person), and if they did not want to marry her, they did so. So this verse was revealed about the matter

حدثنا احمد بن منيع، حدثنا اسباط بن محمد، حدثنا الشيباني، عن عكرمة، عن ابن عباس، - قال الشيباني وذكره عطاء ابو الحسن السوايي ولا اظنه الا عن ابن عباس، - في هذه الاية { لا يحل لكم ان ترثوا النساء كرها ولا تعضلوهن } قال كان الرجل اذا مات كان اولياوه احق بامراته من ولي نفسها ان شاء بعضهم زوجها او زوجوها وان شاءوا لم يزوجوها فنزلت هذه الاية في ذلك

Ibn ‘Abbas explained the Qur’anic verse It is not lawful for you forcibly to inherit the woman (of your deceased kinsmen) nor (that) ye should put constraint upon them that ye may take away a part of that which ye have given them, unless they be guilty of flagrant lewdness and said “This means that a man used to inherit a relative woman. He prevented her from marriage till she died or returned her dower to her. Hence, Allaah prohibited that practice

حدثنا احمد بن محمد بن ثابت المروزي، حدثني علي بن حسين بن واقد، عن ابيه، عن يزيد النحوي، عن عكرمة، عن ابن عباس، قال { لا يحل لكم ان ترثوا النساء كرها ولا تعضلوهن لتذهبوا ببعض ما اتيتموهن الا ان ياتين بفاحشة مبينة } وذلك ان الرجل كان يرث امراة ذي قرابته فيعضلها حتى تموت او ترد اليه صداقها فاحكم الله عن ذلك ونهى عن ذلك

The aforesaid tradition has also been transmitted by Al Dahhak to the same effect through a different chain of narrators. This version has Allaah prohibited that (practice)

حدثنا احمد بن شبوية المروزي، حدثنا عبد الله بن عثمان، عن عيسى بن عبيد، عن عبيد الله، مولى عمر عن الضحاك، بمعناه قال فوعظ الله ذلك

Abu Hurairah reported the Prophet(ﷺ) as saying “ A woman who has been previously married should not be married until her permission is asked nor should a virgin be married without her permission. “They (the people) asked “What is her permission, Apostle of Allaah(ﷺ)? He replied “it is by her keeping silence.”

حدثنا مسلم بن ابراهيم، حدثنا ابان، حدثنا يحيى، عن ابي سلمة، عن ابي هريرة، ان النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال " لا تنكح الثيب حتى تستامر ولا البكر الا باذنها " . قالوا يا رسول الله وما اذنها قال " ان تسكت

Narrated Abu Hurairah: The Prophet (ﷺ) said: An orphan virgin girl should be consulted about herself; if she says nothing that indicates her permission, but if she refuses, the authority of the guardian cannot be exercised against her will. The full information rest with the tradition narrated by Yazid. Abu Dawud said: This tradition has also been transmitted in a similar way by Abu Khalid Sulaiman b. Hayyan and Mu'adh b. Mu'adh on the authority of Muhammad b. 'Amr

حدثنا ابو كامل، حدثنا يزيد يعني ابن زريع، ح وحدثنا موسى بن اسماعيل، حدثنا حماد، - المعنى - حدثني محمد بن عمرو، حدثنا ابو سلمة، عن ابي هريرة، قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم " تستامر اليتيمة في نفسها فان سكتت فهو اذنها وان ابت فلا جواز عليها " . والاخبار في حديث يزيد . قال ابو داود وكذلك رواه ابو خالد سليمان بن حيان ومعاذ عن محمد بن عمرو

The aforesaid tradition has also been transmitted through a different chain of narrators by Muhammad bin ‘Amr. This version adds “If she weeps or keeps silence”. The narrator added the word “weeps”. Abu Dawud said:The word "weeps" is not guarded. This is a misunderstanding of the tradition on the part of the narrator Ibn Idris or Muhammad b. al-'Ata. Abu Dawud said: This tradition has also been narrated by Abu 'Amr Dhakwan on the authority of 'Aishah who said: A virgin is ashamed of speaking, Messenger of Allah. He said: Her silence is her acceptance

حدثنا محمد بن العلاء، حدثنا ابن ادريس، عن محمد بن عمرو، بهذا الحديث باسناده زاد فيه قال " فان بكت او سكتت " . زاد " بكت " . قال ابو داود وليس " بكت " . بمحفوظ وهو وهم في الحديث الوهم من ابن ادريس او من محمد بن العلاء . قال ابو داود ورواه ابو عمرو ذكوان عن عايشة قالت يا رسول الله ان البكر تستحي ان تتكلم . قال " سكاتها اقرارها

Narrated Abdullah ibn Umar: The Prophet (ﷺ) said: Consult women about (the marriage of) their daughters

حدثنا عثمان بن ابي شيبة، حدثنا معاوية بن هشام، عن سفيان، عن اسماعيل بن امية، حدثني الثقة، عن ابن عمر، قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم " امروا النساء في بناتهن

Narrated Abdullah ibn Abbas: A virgin came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and mentioned that her father had married her against her will, so the Prophet (ﷺ) allowed her to exercise her choice

حدثنا عثمان بن ابي شيبة، حدثنا حسين بن محمد، حدثنا جرير بن حازم، عن ايوب، عن عكرمة، عن ابن عباس، ان جارية، بكرا اتت النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فذكرت ان اباها زوجها وهي كارهة فخيرها النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم

The above tradition has been transmitted by ‘Ikrimah from the Prophet (ﷺ). Abu Dawud said “He (Muhammad bin ‘Ubaid) did not mention the name of Ibn ‘Abbas in the chain of this tradition. The people have also narrated it mursal (without the mention of the name of Ibn ‘Abbas) in a similar way. Its transmission in the mursal form is well known

حدثنا محمد بن عبيد، حدثنا حماد بن زيد، عن ايوب، عن عكرمة، عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم بهذا الحديث . قال ابو داود لم يذكر ابن عباس وكذلك رواه الناس مرسلا معروف

Ibn ‘Abbas reported the Apostle of Allaah(ﷺ) as saying “A woman without a husband has more right to her person than her guardian and a virgin’s permission must be asked, her permission being her silence. These are the words of Al Qa’nabi

حدثنا احمد بن يونس، وعبد الله بن مسلمة، قالا اخبرنا مالك، عن عبد الله بن الفضل، عن نافع بن جبير، عن ابن عباس، قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم " الايم احق بنفسها من وليها والبكر تستاذن في نفسها واذنها صماتها " . وهذا لفظ القعنبي

The above tradition has been transmitted by ‘Abd Allaah bin Al Fadl through his chain of narrators and with different meaning. The version goes “A woman without a husband has more right to her person than her guardian and the father of a virgin should ask her permission about herself.” Abu Dawud said “ The word “her father” is not guarded

حدثنا احمد بن حنبل، حدثنا سفيان، عن زياد بن سعد، عن عبد الله بن الفضل، باسناده ومعناه قال " الثيب احق بنفسها من وليها والبكر يستامرها ابوها " . قال ابو داود " ابوها " . ليس بمحفوظ

Narrated Abdullah ibn Abbas: The Prophet (ﷺ) said: A guardian has no concern with a woman previously married and has no husband, and an orphan girl (i.e. virgin) must be consulted, her silence being her acceptance

حدثنا الحسن بن علي، حدثنا عبد الرزاق، اخبرنا معمر، عن صالح بن كيسان، عن نافع بن جبير بن مطعم، عن ابن عباس، ان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال " ليس للولي مع الثيب امر واليتيمة تستامر وصمتها اقرارها

Khansa’ daughter of Khidham al-Ansariyyah reports that when her father married her when she had previously been married and she disapproved of that she went to the Apostle of Allaah(ﷺ) and mentioned it to him. He (the Prophet) revoked her marriage

حدثنا القعنبي، عن مالك، عن عبد الرحمن بن القاسم، عن ابيه، عن عبد الرحمن، ومجمع، ابنى يزيد الانصاريين عن خنساء بنت خدام الانصارية، ان اباها، زوجها وهي ثيب فكرهت ذلك فجاءت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فذكرت ذلك له فرد نكاحها

Narrated AbuHurayrah: AbuHind cupped the Prophet (ﷺ) in the middle of his head. The Prophet (ﷺ) said: Banu Bayadah, marry AbuHind (to your daughter), and ask him to marry (his daughter) to you. He said: The best thing by which you treat yourself is cupping

حدثنا عبد الواحد بن غياث، حدثنا حماد، حدثنا محمد بن عمرو، عن ابي سلمة، عن ابي هريرة، ان ابا هند، حجم النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في اليافوخ فقال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم " يا بني بياضة انكحوا ابا هند وانكحوا اليه " . قال " وان كان في شىء مما تداوون به خير فالحجامة

Narrated Maymunah, daughter of Kardam: I went out along with my father during the hajj performed by the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). I saw the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). My father came near him; he was riding his she-camel. He stopped there and listened to him. He had a whip like the whip of the teachers. I heard the Bedouin and the people saying: Keep away from the whip. My father came up to him. He caught hold of his foot and acknowledged him (his Prophethood). He stopped and listened to him. He then said: I participated in the army of Athran (in the pre-Islamic days). The narrator, Ibn al-Muthanna, said: Army of Gathran. Tariq ibn al-Muraqqa' said: Who will give me a lance and get a reward? I asked: What is its reward? He replied: I shall marry him to my first daughter born to me. So I gave him my lance and then disappeared from him till I knew that a daughter was born to him and she came of age. I then came to him and said: Send my wife to me. He swore that he would not do that until I fixed a dower afresh other than that agreed between me and him, and I swore that I should not give him the dower other than that I had given him before. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: How old is she now? He said: She has grown old. He said: I think you should leave her. He said: This put awe and fear into me, and I looked at the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). When he felt this in me, he said: You will not be sinful, nor will your companion be sinful. Abu Dawud said: Qatir means old age

حدثنا الحسن بن علي، ومحمد بن المثنى، - المعنى - قالا حدثنا يزيد بن هارون، اخبرنا عبد الله بن يزيد بن مقسم الثقفي، - من اهل الطايف - حدثتني سارة بنت مقسم، انها سمعت ميمونة بنت كردم، قالت خرجت مع ابي في حجة رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فرايت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فدنا اليه ابي وهو على ناقة له فوقف له واستمع منه ومعه درة كدرة الكتاب فسمعت الاعراب والناس وهم يقولون الطبطبية الطبطبية الطبطبية فدنا اليه ابي فاخذ بقدمه فاقر له ووقف عليه واستمع منه فقال اني حضرت جيش عثران - قال ابن المثنى جيش غثران - فقال طارق بن المرقع من يعطيني رمحا بثوابه قلت وما ثوابه قال ازوجه اول بنت تكون لي . فاعطيته رمحي ثم غبت عنه حتى علمت انه قد ولد له جارية وبلغت ثم جيته فقلت له اهلي جهزهن الى . فحلف ان لا يفعل حتى اصدقه صداقا جديدا غير الذي كان بيني وبينه وحلفت لا اصدق غير الذي اعطيته فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم " وبقرن اى النساء هي اليوم " . قال قد رات القتير . قال " ارى ان تتركها " . قال فراعني ذلك ونظرت الى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فلما راى ذلك مني قال " لا تاثم ولا ياثم صاحبك " . قال ابو داود القتير الشيب

Ibrahim bin Maisarah reported from his maternal aunt who reported on the authority of a woman called Mussaddaqah (a truthful woman). She said “In pre Islamic days, when my father participated in a battle the feet of the people burnt due to intense heat. Thereupon a man said “Who gives me his shoes, I shall marry him to my first daughter born to me. My father took off his shoes and there them before him. A girl was thereafter born to him and came of age.” The narrator then mentioned a similar story. But he did not mention that she had grown old

حدثنا احمد بن صالح، حدثنا عبد الرزاق، اخبرنا ابن جريج، اخبرني ابراهيم بن ميسرة، ان خالته، اخبرته عن امراة، قالت هي مصدقة امراة صدق قالت بينا ابي في غزاة في الجاهلية اذ رمضوا فقال رجل من يعطيني نعليه وانكحه اول بنت تولد لي فخلع ابي نعليه فالقاهما اليه فولدت له جارية فبلغت وذكر نحوه ولم يذكر قصة القتير

Abu Salamah said “I asked A’ishah about the dower given by the Apostle of Allaah(ﷺ). She said “It was twelve Uqiyahs and a nashsh”. I asked “What is nashsh?” She said it is half an uqiyah

حدثنا عبد الله بن محمد النفيلي، حدثنا عبد العزيز بن محمد، حدثنا يزيد بن الهاد، عن محمد بن ابراهيم، عن ابي سلمة، قال سالت عايشة - رضى الله عنها - عن صداق النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قالت ثنتا عشرة اوقية ونش . فقلت وما نش قالت نصف اوقية