Sahih Muslim — Government

It has been narrated on the authority of Abu 'Abd al-Rahman from 'Ali that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sent a force (on a mission) and appointed over them a man. He kindled a fire and said:Enter it. Some people made up their minds to enter it (the fire), (carrying out the order of their commander), but the others said: We fled from the fire (that's why we have come into the fold of Islam). The matter was reported to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). He said to those who Contemplated entering (the fire at the order of their commander): If you had entered it, you would have remained there until the Day of Judgment. He commanded the act of the latter group and said: There is no submission in matters involving God's disobedience or displeasure. Submission is obligatory only in what is good (and reasonable)

حدثنا محمد بن المثنى، وابن، بشار - واللفظ لابن المثنى - قالا حدثنا محمد، بن جعفر حدثنا شعبة، عن زبيد، عن سعد بن عبيدة، عن ابي عبد الرحمن، عن علي، انعليه وسلم بعث جيشا وامر عليهم رجلا فاوقد نارا وقال ادخلوها . فاراد ناس ان يدخلوها وقال الاخرون انا قد فررنا منها . فذكر ذلك لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال للذين ارادوا ان يدخلوها " لو دخلتموها لم تزالوا فيها الى يوم القيامة " . وقال للاخرين قولا حسنا وقال " لا طاعة في معصية الله انما الطاعة في المعروف

It has been narrated on the authority of 'All who said:The Mersenger of Allah (ﷺ) sent an expeditionand appointed over the Mujahids a man from the Ansar. (While making the appointment), he ordered that his work should be listened to and obeyed. They made him angry in a matter. He said: Collect for me dry wood. They collected it for him. Then he said: Kindle a fire. They kindled (the fire). Then he said: Didn't the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) order you to listen to me and obey (my orders)? They said: Yes. He said: Enter the fire. The narrator says: (At this), they began to look at one another and said: We fled from the fire to (find refuge with) the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) (and now you order us to enter it). They stood quiet until his anger cooled down and the fire went out. When they returned, they related the incident to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). He said: If they had entered it, they would not have come out. Obedience (to the commander) is obligatory only in what is good

وحدثنا محمد بن عبد الله بن نمير، وزهير بن حرب، وابو سعيد الاشج - وتقاربوا في اللفظ - قالوا حدثنا وكيع، حدثنا الاعمش، عن سعد بن عبيدة، عن ابي عبد الرحمن، عن علي، قال بعث رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم سرية واستعمل عليهم رجلا من الانصار وامرهم ان يسمعوا له ويطيعوا فاغضبوه في شىء فقال اجمعوا لي حطبا . فجمعوا له ثم قال اوقدوا نارا . فاوقدوا ثم قال الم يامركم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ان تسمعوا لي وتطيعوا قالوا بلى . قال فادخلوها . قال فنظر بعضهم الى بعض فقالوا انما فررنا الى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم من النار . فكانوا كذلك وسكن غضبه وطفيت النار فلما رجعوا ذكروا ذلك للنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال " لو دخلوها ما خرجوا منها انما الطاعة في المعروف

This hadith has been transmitted on the authority of A'mash

وحدثنا ابو بكر بن ابي شيبة، حدثنا وكيع، وابو معاوية عن الاعمش، بهذا الاسناد نحوه

It has been narrated on the authority of" Ubida who learnt the tradition from his father who, in turn, learnt it from his own father. 'Ubada's grandfather said:The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) took an oath of allegiance from us on our listening to and obeying the orders of our commander in adversity and prosperity, in pleasure and displeasure (and even) when somebody is given preference over us, on our avoiding to dispute the delegation of powers to a person deemed to be a fit recipient thereof (in the eye of one who delegates it) and on our telling the truth in whatever position we be without fearing in the matter ef Allah the reproach of the reproacher

حدثنا ابو بكر بن ابي شيبة، حدثنا عبد الله بن ادريس، عن يحيى بن سعيد، وعبيد الله بن عمر عن عبادة بن الوليد بن عبادة، عن ابيه، عن جده، قال بايعنا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم على السمع والطاعة في العسر واليسر والمنشط والمكره وعلى اثرة علينا وعلى ان لا ننازع الامر اهله وعلى ان نقول بالحق اينما كنا لا نخاف في الله لومة لايم

This hadith has been narrated on the authority of 'Ubada b. Walid with the same chain of transmitters

وحدثناه ابن نمير، حدثنا عبد الله، - يعني ابن ادريس - حدثنا ابن عجلان، وعبيد الله بن عمر ويحيى بن سعيد عن عبادة بن الوليد، في هذا الاسناد مثله

The same tradition has been handed down through more than one chain of transmitters

وحدثنا ابن ابي عمر، حدثنا عبد العزيز، - يعني الدراوردي - عن يزيد، - وهو ابن الهاد - عن عبادة بن الوليد بن عبادة بن الصامت، عن ابيه، حدثني ابي قال، بايعنا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بمثل حديث ابن ادريس

It has been narrated on the authority of Junida b. Abu Umayya who said:We called upon 'Ubada b. Samit who was ill and said to him: May God give you health I Narrate to us a tradition which God may prove beneficial (to us) and which you have heard from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). He said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) called us and we took the oath of allegiance to him. Among the injunctions he made binding upon us was: Listening and obedience (to the Amir) in our pleasure and displeasure, in our adversity and prosperity, even when somebody is given preference over us, and without disputing the delegation of powers to a man duly invested with them (Obedience shall be accorded to him in all circumstances) except when you have clear signs of his disbelief in (or disobedience to) God-signs that could be used as a conscientious justification (for non-compliance with his orders)

حدثنا احمد بن عبد الرحمن بن وهب بن مسلم، حدثنا عمي عبد الله بن وهب، حدثنا عمرو بن الحارث، حدثني بكير، عن بسر بن سعيد، عن جنادة بن ابي امية، قال دخلنا على عبادة بن الصامت وهو مريض فقلنا حدثنا اصلحك الله، بحديث ينفع الله به سمعته من، رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم . فقال دعانا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فبايعناه فكان فيما اخذ علينا ان بايعنا على السمع والطاعة في منشطنا ومكرهنا وعسرنا ويسرنا واثرة علينا وان لا ننازع الامر اهله قال " الا ان تروا كفرا بواحا عندكم من الله فيه برهان

It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira that the Prophet of Allah (ﷺ) said:A commander (of the Muslims) is a shield for them. They fight behind him and they are protected by (him from tyrants and aggressors). If he enjoins fear of God, the Exalted and Glorious, and dispenses justice, there will be a (great) reward for him; and if he enjoins otherwise, it redounds on him

حدثنا ابراهيم، عن مسلم، حدثني زهير بن حرب، حدثنا شبابة، حدثني ورقاء، عن ابي الزناد، عن الاعرج، عن ابي هريرة، عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال " انما الامام جنة يقاتل من ورايه ويتقى به فان امر بتقوى الله عز وجل وعدل كان له بذلك اجر وان يامر بغيره كان عليه منه

It has been narrated by Abu Huraira that the Prophet (may pceace be upon him) said:Banu Isra'il were ruled over by the Prophets. When one Prophet died, another succeeded him; but after me there is no prophet and there will be caliphs and they will be quite large in number. His Companions said: What do you order us to do (in case we come to have more than one Caliph)? He said: The one to whom allegiance is sworn first has a supremacy over the others. Concede to them their due rights (i. e. obey them). God (Himself) will question them about the subjects whom He had entrusted to them

حدثنا محمد بن بشار، حدثنا محمد بن جعفر، حدثنا شعبة، عن فرات القزاز، عن ابي حازم، قال قاعدت ابا هريرة خمس سنين فسمعته يحدث، عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال " كانت بنو اسراييل تسوسهم الانبياء كلما هلك نبي خلفه نبي وانه لا نبي بعدي وستكون خلفاء فتكثر " . قالوا فما تامرنا قال " فوا ببيعة الاول فالاول واعطوهم حقهم فان الله سايلهم عما استرعاهم

The same tradition has been transmitted by a different chain of narrators

حدثنا ابو بكر بن ابي شيبة، وعبد الله بن براد الاشعري، قالا حدثنا عبد الله، بن ادريس عن الحسن بن فرات، عن ابيه، بهذا الاسناد مثله

It has been narrated on the authority of 'Abdullah who said:The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: After me there will be favouritism and many things that you will not like. They (his Companions) said: Messenger of Allah, what do you order that one should do if anyone from us has to live through such a time? He said: You should discharge your own responsibility (by obeying your Amir), and ask God for your right (by guiding the Amir to the right path or by replacing him by one more just and God-fearing)

حدثنا ابو بكر بن ابي شيبة، حدثنا ابو الاحوص، ووكيع، ح وحدثني ابو سعيد، الاشج حدثنا وكيع، ح وحدثنا ابو كريب، وابن، نمير قالا حدثنا ابو معاوية، ح وحدثنا اسحاق بن ابراهيم، وعلي بن خشرم، قالا اخبرنا عيسى بن يونس، كلهم عن الاعمش، ح وحدثنا عثمان بن ابي شيبة، - واللفظ له - حدثنا جرير، عن الاعمش، عن زيد بن، وهب عن عبد الله، قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم " انها ستكون بعدي اثرة وامور تنكرونها " . قالوا يا رسول الله كيف تامر من ادرك منا ذلك قال " تودون الحق الذي عليكم وتسالون الله الذي لكم

It has been narrated on the authority of 'Abd al-Rahman b. Abd Rabb al-Ka'ba who said:I entered the mosque when 'Abdullah b. 'Amr b. al-'As was sitting in the shade of the Ka'ba and the people had gathered around him. I betook myself to them and sat near him. (Now) Abdullah said: I accompanied the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) on a journey. We halted at a place. Some of us began to set right their tents, others began to compete with one another in shooting, and others began to graze their beasts, when an announcer of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) announced that the people should gather together for prayer, so we gathered around the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). He said: It was the duty of every Prophet that has gone before me to guide his followers to what he knew was good for them and warn them against what he knew was bad for them; but this Umma of yours has its days of peace and (security) in the beginning of its career, and in the last phase of its existence it will be afflicted with trials and with things disagreeable to you. (In this phase of the Umma), there will be tremendous trials one after the other, each making the previous one dwindle into insignificance. When they would be afflicted with a trial, the believer would say: This is going to bring about my destruction. When at (the trial) is over, they would be afflicted with another trial, and the believer would say: This surely is going to be my end. Whoever wishes to be delivered from the fire and enter the garden should die with faith in Allah and the Last Day and should treat the people as he wishes to be treated by them. He who swears allegiance to a Caliph should give him the piedge of his hand and the sincerity of his heart (i. e. submit to him both outwardly as well as inwardly). He should obey him to the best of his capacity. It another man comes forward (as a claimant to Caliphate), disputing his authority, they (the Muslims) should behead the latter. The narrator says: I came close to him ('Abdullah b. 'Amr b. al-'As) and said to him: Can you say on oath that you heard it from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)? He pointed with his hands to his ears and his heart and said: My ears heard it and my mind retained it. I said to him: This cousin of yours, Mu'awiya, orders us to unjustly consume our wealth among ourselves and to kill one another, while Allah says:" O ye who believe, do not consume your wealth among yourselves unjustly, unless it be trade based on mutual agreement, and do not kill yourselves. Verily, God is Merciful to you" (iv. 29). The narrator says that (hearing this) Abdullah b. 'Amr b. al-As kept quiet for a while and then said: Obey him in so far as he is obedient to God; and diqobey him in matters involving disobedience to God

This hadith has been narrated on the authority of A'mash with a different chain of transmitters

وحدثنا ابو بكر بن ابي شيبة، وابن، نمير وابو سعيد الاشج قالوا حدثنا وكيع، ح وحدثنا ابو كريب، حدثنا ابو معاوية، كلاهما عن الاعمش، بهذا الاسناد نحوه

It has been narrated on the authority of 'Abd Rabb al-Ka'ba as-Sa'idl who said:I saw a group of people near the Ka'ba.... Then he narrated the tradition as narrated by A'mash

وحدثني محمد بن رافع، حدثنا ابو المنذر، اسماعيل بن عمر حدثنا يونس بن، ابي اسحاق الهمداني حدثنا عبد الله بن ابي السفر، عن عامر، عن عبد الرحمن بن عبد، رب الكعبة الصايدي قال رايت جماعة عند الكعبة . فذكر نحو حديث الاعمش

It has been narrated on the authority of Usaid b. Hudair that a man from the Ansar took the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) aside and said to him:Will you not appoint me governor as you have appointed so and so? He (the Messenger of Allah) said: You will surely come across preferential treatment after me, so you should be patient until you meet me at the Cistern (Haud-i-Kauthar)

حدثنا محمد بن المثنى، ومحمد بن بشار، قالا حدثنا محمد بن جعفر، حدثنا شعبة، قال سمعت قتادة، يحدث عن انس بن مالك، عن اسيد بن حضير، ان رجلا، من الانصار خلا برسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال الا تستعملني كما استعملت فلانا فقال " انكم ستلقون بعدي اثرة فاصبروا حتى تلقوني على الحوض

It has been narrated on the authority of Alqama b. Wai'l al-Hadrami who learnt the tradition from his father. The latter said:Salama b. Yazid al-ju'afi asked the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ): Prophet of Allah, what do you think if we have rulers who rule over us and demand that we discharge our obligations towards them, but they (themselves) do not discharge their own responsibilities towards us? What do you order us to do? The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) avoided giving any answer. Salama asked him again. He (again) avoided giving any answer. Then he asked again-it was the second time or the third time-when Ash'ath b. Qais (finding that the Prophet was unnecessarily being pressed for answer) pulled him aside and said: Listen to them and obey them, for on them shall he their burden and on you shall be your burden

حدثنا محمد بن المثنى، ومحمد بن بشار، قالا حدثنا محمد بن جعفر، حدثنا شعبة، عن سماك بن حرب، عن علقمة بن وايل الحضرمي، عن ابيه، قال سال سلمة بن يزيد الجعفي رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال يا نبي الله ارايت ان قامت علينا امراء يسالونا حقهم ويمنعونا حقنا فما تامرنا فاعرض عنه ثم ساله فاعرض عنه ثم ساله في الثانية او في الثالثة فجذبه الاشعث بن قيس وقال " اسمعوا واطيعوا فانما عليهم ما حملوا وعليكم ما حملتم

It has been narrated through a different chain of transmitters, on the authority of Simak who said:Ash'ath b. Qais pulled him (Salama b. Yazid) when the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: Listen to them and obey them, for on them shall be the burden of what they do and on you shall be the burden of what you do

وحدثنا ابو بكر بن ابي شيبة، حدثنا شبابة، حدثنا شعبة، عن سماك، بهذا الاسناد مثله وقال فجذبه الاشعث بن قيس فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم " اسمعوا واطيعوا فانما عليهم ما حملوا وعليكم ما حملتم

It has been narrated on the authority of Hudhaifa b. al-Yaman who said:People used to ask the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) about the good times, but I used to ask him about bad times fearing lest they overtake me. I said: Messenger of Allah, we were in the midst of ignorance and evil, and then God brought us this good (time through Islam). Is there any bad time after this good one? He said: Yes. I asked: Will there be a good time again after that bad time? He said: Yes, but therein will be a hidden evil. I asked: What will be the evil hidden therein? He said: (That time will witness the rise of) the people who will adopt ways other than mine and seek guidance other than mine. You will know good points as well as bad points. I asked: Will there be a bad time after this good one? He said: Yes. (A time will come) when there will be people standing and inviting at the gates of Hell. Whoso responds to their call they will throw them into the fire. I said: Messenger of Allah, describe them for us. He said: All right. They will be a people having the same complexion as ours and speaking our language. I said: Messenger of Allah, what do you suggest if I happen to live in that time? He said: You should stick to the main body of the Muslims and their leader. I said: If they have no (such thing as the) main body and have no leader? He said: Separate yourself from all these factions, though you may have to eat the roots of trees (in a jungle) until death comes to you and you are in this state

حدثني محمد بن المثنى، حدثنا الوليد بن مسلم، حدثنا عبد الرحمن بن يزيد بن، جابر حدثني بسر بن عبيد الله الحضرمي، انه سمع ابا ادريس الخولاني، يقول سمعت حذيفة بن اليمان، يقول كان الناس يسالون رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عن الخير وكنت اساله عن الشر مخافة ان يدركني فقلت يا رسول الله انا كنا في جاهلية وشر فجاءنا الله بهذا الخير فهل بعد هذا الخير شر قال " نعم " فقلت هل بعد ذلك الشر من خير قال " نعم وفيه دخن " . قلت وما دخنه قال " قوم يستنون بغير سنتي ويهدون بغير هديي تعرف منهم وتنكر " . فقلت هل بعد ذلك الخير من شر قال " نعم دعاة على ابواب جهنم من اجابهم اليها قذفوه فيها " . فقلت يا رسول الله صفهم لنا . قال " نعم قوم من جلدتنا ويتكلمون بالسنتنا " . قلت يا رسول الله فما ترى ان ادركني ذلك قال " تلزم جماعة المسلمين وامامهم " . فقلت فان لم تكن لهم جماعة ولا امام قال " فاعتزل تلك الفرق كلها ولو ان تعض على اصل شجرة حتى يدركك الموت وانت على ذلك

It his been narrated through a different chain of transmitters, on the authority of Hudhaifa b. al-Yaman who said:Messenger of Allah, no doubt, we had an evil time (i. e. the days of Jahiliyya or ignorance) and God brought us a good time (i. e. Islamic period) through which we are now living Will there be a bad time after this good time? He (the Holy Prophet) said: Yes. I said: Will there be a good time after this bad time? He said: Yes. I said: Will there be a bad time after good time? He said: Yes. I said: How? Whereupon he said: There will be leaders who will not be led by my guidance and who will not adopt my ways? There will be among them men who will have the hearts of devils in the bodies of human beings. I said: What should I do. Messenger of Allah, if I (happen) to live in that time? He replied: You will listen to the Amir and carry out his orders; even if your back is flogged and your wealth is snatched, you should listen and obey

وحدثني محمد بن سهل بن عسكر التميمي، حدثنا يحيى بن حسان، ح وحدثنا عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن الدارمي، اخبرنا يحيى، - وهو ابن حسان - حدثنا معاوية، - يعني ابن سلام - حدثنا زيد بن سلام، عن ابي سلام، قال قال حذيفة بن اليمان قلت يا رسول الله انا كنا بشر فجاء الله بخير فنحن فيه فهل من وراء هذا الخير شر قال نعم . قلت هل وراء ذلك الشر خير قال " نعم " . قلت فهل وراء ذلك الخير شر قال " نعم " . قلت كيف قال " يكون بعدي ايمة لا يهتدون بهداى ولا يستنون بسنتي وسيقوم فيهم رجال قلوبهم قلوب الشياطين في جثمان انس " . قال قلت كيف اصنع يا رسول الله ان ادركت ذلك قال " تسمع وتطيع للامير وان ضرب ظهرك واخذ مالك فاسمع واطع

It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:One who defected from obedience (to the Amir) and separated from the main body of the Muslims - if he died in that state-would die the death of one belonging to the days of Jahiliyya (i.e. would not die as a Muslim). One who fights under the banner of a people who are blind (to the cause for which they are fighting, i.e. do not know whether their cause is just or otherwise), who gets flared up with family pride, calls (people) to fight for their family honour, and supports his kith and kin (i.e. fights not for the cause of Allah but for the sake of this family or tribe) - if he is killed (in this fight), he dies as one belonging to the days of Jahiliyya. Whoso attacks my Ummah (indiscriminately) killing the righteous and the wicked of them, sparing not (even) those staunch in faith and fulfilling not his promise made with those who have been given a pledge of security - he has nothing to do with me and I have nothing to do with him

حدثنا شيبان بن فروخ، حدثنا جرير، - يعني ابن حازم - حدثنا غيلان بن، جرير عن ابي قيس بن رياح، عن ابي هريرة، عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم انه قال " من خرج من الطاعة وفارق الجماعة فمات مات ميتة جاهلية ومن قاتل تحت راية عمية يغضب لعصبة او يدعو الى عصبة او ينصر عصبة فقتل فقتلة جاهلية ومن خرج على امتي يضرب برها وفاجرها ولا يتحاش من مومنها ولا يفي لذي عهد عهده فليس مني ولست منه