Sahih Muslim — Jihad and Expeditions

It has been narrated on the authority of Anas b. Malik who said:On the Day of Uhud some of the people, being defeated, left the Prophet (ﷺ), but Abu Talha stood before him covering him with a shield. Abu Talha was a powerful archer who broke two or three bows that day. When a man would pass by carrying a quiver containing arrows, he would say: Spare them for Abu Talha. Whenever the Prophet (ﷺ) raised his head to look at the people, Abu Talha would say: Prophet of Allah, may my father and my mother be thy ransom, do not raise your head lest you be struck by an arrow shot by the enemy. My neck is before your neck. The narrator said: I saw `A'isha bint Abu Bakr and Umm Sulaim. Both of them had tucked up their garments, so I could see the anklets on their feet. They were carrying water-skins on their backs and would pour water into the mouths of the people. They would then go back (to the well), would fill them again and would return to pour water into the mouths of the soldiers. (On this day), Abu Talha's sword dropped down from his hands twice or thrice because of drowsiness

حدثنا عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن الدارمي، حدثنا عبد الله بن عمرو، - وهو ابو معمر المنقري - حدثنا عبد الوارث، حدثنا عبد العزيز، - وهو ابن صهيب - عن انس، بن مالك قال لما كان يوم احد انهزم ناس من الناس عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وابو طلحة بين يدى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم مجوب عليه بحجفة - قال - وكان ابو طلحة رجلا راميا شديد النزع وكسر يوميذ قوسين او ثلاثا - قال - فكان الرجل يمر معه الجعبة من النبل فيقول انثرها لابي طلحة . قال ويشرف نبي الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ينظر الى القوم فيقول ابو طلحة يا نبي الله بابي انت وامي لا تشرف لا يصبك سهم من سهام القوم نحري دون نحرك قال ولقد رايت عايشة بنت ابي بكر وام سليم وانهما لمشمرتان ارى خدم سوقهما تنقلان القرب على متونهما ثم تفرغانه في افواههم ثم ترجعان فتملانها ثم تجييان تفرغانه في افواه القوم ولقد وقع السيف من يدى ابي طلحة اما مرتين واما ثلاثا من النعاس

It has been narrated on the authority of Yazid b. Hurmuz that Najda wrote to Ibn Abbas inquiring of him five things. Ibn Abbas said:If I had not the fear of committing (sin) for concealing the knowledge I would not have written to him. Najda wrote to him saying (after praising the Almighty and invoking blessings on the Prophet): Tell me whether the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) took women to participate with him in Jihad; (if he did), whether he allotted them a regular share from the booty; whether he killed the children of (the enemy in the war), how long an orphan would be entitled to consideration as such, and for whom the Khums (fifth part of the booty) was booty. Ibn Abbas wrote to him: You have written asking me whether the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) took women with him to participate in Jihad. He did take them to the battle and sometimes he fought along with them. They would treat the wounded and were given a reward from the booty, but he did not assign any regular share for them. And the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) did not kill the children of the enemy, so you should not kill the children. Also you have written to me asking me when the orphanhood of an orphan comes to an end. By my life, if a man has become bearded but is still incapable of getting his due from others or fulfilling his obligation towards them, (he is yet an orphan to be treated as such), but when he can look after his interests like grown-up people, he is no longer an orphan. And you have written to me inquiring about Khums as to whom it is meant for. (In this connection) we (the kinsmen of the Messenger of Allah) used to say: It is for us, but those people (i.e. Banu Umayya) have denied it to us

حدثنا عبد الله بن مسلمة بن قعنب، حدثنا سليمان، - يعني ابن بلال - عن جعفر بن محمد، عن ابيه، عن يزيد بن هرمز، ان نجدة، كتب الى ابن عباس يساله عن خمس، خلال . فقال ابن عباس لولا ان اكتم، علما ما كتبت اليه . كتب اليه نجدة اما بعد فاخبرني هل كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يغزو بالنساء وهل كان يضرب لهن بسهم وهل كان يقتل الصبيان ومتى ينقضي يتم اليتيم وعن الخمس لمن هو فكتب اليه ابن عباس كتبت تسالني هل كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يغزو بالنساء وقد كان يغزو بهن فيداوين الجرحى ويحذين من الغنيمة واما بسهم فلم يضرب لهن وان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم لم يكن يقتل الصبيان فلا تقتل الصبيان وكتبت تسالني متى ينقضي يتم اليتيم فلعمري ان الرجل لتنبت لحيته وانه لضعيف الاخذ لنفسه ضعيف العطاء منها فاذا اخذ لنفسه من صالح ما ياخذ الناس فقد ذهب عنه اليتم وكتبت تسالني عن الخمس لمن هو وانا كنا نقول هو لنا . فابى علينا قومنا ذاك

This tradition has been narrated by the game authority (Yazid b. Hurmus) through a different chain of transmitters with the following difference in the elucidation of one of the points raised by Najda in his letter to Ibn Abas:The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used not to kill the children, so thou shouldst not kill them unless you could know what Khadir had known about the child he killed, or you could distinguish between a child who would grow up to he a believer (and a child who would grow up to be a non-believer), so that you killed the (prospective) non-believer and left the (prospective) believer aside

حدثنا ابو بكر بن ابي شيبة، واسحاق بن ابراهيم، كلاهما عن حاتم بن اسماعيل، عن جعفر بن محمد، عن ابيه، عن يزيد بن هرمز، ان نجدة، كتب الى ابن عباس يساله عن خلال، . بمثل حديث سليمان بن بلال غير ان في، حديث حاتم وان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم لم يكن يقتل الصبيان فلا تقتل الصبيان الا ان تكون تعلم ما علم الخضر من الصبي الذي قتل . وزاد اسحاق في حديثه عن حاتم وتميز المومن فتقتل الكافر وتدع المومن

It has been narrated on the authority of Yazid b. Hurmuz who said:Najda b. 'Amir al-Haruri wrote to Ibn Abbas asking him about the slave and the woman as to whether they would get a share from the booty (it they participated in Jihad) ; about the killing of (enemy) children (in war) ; about the orphan as to when his orphanhood comes to an end; about kinsmen (of the Holy Prophet) as to who they are. He said to Yazid: Write to him. (If he were not likely to fall into folly, I would not have written to him.) Write: You have written asking about the woman and the slave whether they would get a share of the booty if they participated in Jihad. (You should know that) there is nothing of the sort for them except that they will be given a prize. And you have written asking me about the killing of the enemy children in war. (You should understand that) the Messenger of Allah (may peare be upon him) did not kill them. and thou shouldst not kill them unless thou knew what the companion of Moses (i. e. Khadir) knew about the boy he had killed. And you have written asking me about the orphan as to when the period of his orphanhood comes to an end, so that the sobriquet of" orphan" is dropped from him. (In this regard, you should know that) the sobriquet" orphan" will not be dropped from him until he attains maturity of body and mind. And you have written asking me about the close relatives (of the Holy Prophet) as to who they are. We think that it is we, but our people have denied us this (position and its concomitant privileges)

وحدثنا ابن ابي عمر، حدثنا سفيان، عن اسماعيل بن امية، عن سعيد المقبري، عن يزيد بن هرمز، قال كتب نجدة بن عامر الحروري الى ابن عباس يساله عن العبد، والمراة يحضران المغنم هل يقسم لهما وعن قتل الولدان وعن اليتيم متى ينقطع عنه اليتم وعن ذوي القربى من هم فقال ليزيد اكتب اليه فلولا ان يقع في احموقة ما كتبت اليه اكتب انك كتبت تسالني عن المراة والعبد يحضران المغنم هل يقسم لهما شىء وانه ليس لهما شىء الا ان يحذيا وكتبت تسالني عن قتل الولدان وان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم لم يقتلهم وانت فلا تقتلهم الا ان تعلم منهم ما علم صاحب موسى من الغلام الذي قتله وكتبت تسالني عن اليتيم متى ينقطع عنه اسم اليتم وانه لا ينقطع عنه اسم اليتم حتى يبلغ ويونس منه رشد وكتبت تسالني عن ذوي القربى من هم وانا زعمنا انا هم فابى ذلك علينا قومنا

This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Yazid b. Hurmuz through another chain of transmitters

وحدثناه عبد الرحمن بن بشر العبدي، حدثنا سفيان، حدثنا اسماعيل بن امية، عن سعيد بن ابي سعيد، عن يزيد بن هرمز، قال كتب نجدة الى ابن عباس . وساق الحديث بمثله . قال ابو اسحاق حدثني عبد الرحمن بن بشر، حدثنا سفيان، بهذا الحديث بطوله

It has been narrated on the anthority of Yazid b. Hurmuz who said:Najda wrote to Ibn Abbas. I was sitting in the company of Ibn 'Abbas when he read his letter and wrote its reply. Ibn Abbas said: Were it not for preventing him from falling into wickedness. I would not have replied to his letter, may he never be joyful. He wrote in reply to him referring to the share of the close relatives (of the Holy Prophet) (from the booty) whom God has mentioned. (I have to tell you that) we thought we were the close relatives of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), but our people have refused to recognise us as such. You have asked about the orphan as to when his orphanhood comes to an end. (I have to say that) when he reaches the age of marriage, attains maturity of mind, and his property is returned to him, then he is no longer an orphan. You have inquired whether the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upo him) used to kill anyone from the children of the polytheists in the war. (You should know that) the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used not to kill any one of their children, and you (too) should not kill any one of them, except when you knew about them what Khadir had known about the boy whom he killed. And you have inquired whether there is a fixed share of the booty for women and slaves when they participate in a battle. (I have to tell you that) there is no fixed share for them except that they will be given some reward from the spoils of war

حدثنا اسحاق بن ابراهيم، اخبرنا وهب بن جرير بن حازم، حدثني ابي قال، سمعت قيسا، يحدث عن يزيد بن هرمز، ح وحدثني محمد بن حاتم، - واللفظ له - قال حدثنا بهز، حدثنا جرير بن حازم، حدثني قيس بن سعد، عن يزيد بن هرمز، قال كتب نجدة بن عامر الى ابن عباس قال فشهدت ابن عباس حين قرا كتابه وحين كتب جوابه وقال ابن عباس والله لولا ان ارده عن نتن يقع فيه ما كتبت اليه ولا نعمة عين قال فكتب اليه انك سالت عن سهم ذي القربى الذي ذكر الله من هم وانا كنا نرى ان قرابة رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم هم نحن فابى ذلك علينا قومنا وسالت عن اليتيم متى ينقضي يتمه وانه اذا بلغ النكاح واونس منه رشد ودفع اليه ماله فقد انقضى يتمه وسالت هل كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقتل من صبيان المشركين احدا فان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم لم يكن يقتل منهم احدا وانت فلا تقتل منهم احدا الا ان تكون تعلم منهم ما علم الخضر من الغلام حين قتله وسالت عن المراة والعبد هل كان لهما سهم معلوم اذا حضروا الباس فانهم لم يكن لهم سهم معلوم الا ان يحذيا من غنايم القوم

This hadith has been transmitted on the authority of Yazid b. Hurmuz. but not complete (as we find in the above mentioned ahadith)

وحدثني ابو كريب، حدثنا ابو اسامة، حدثنا زايدة، حدثنا سليمان الاعمش، عن المختار بن صيفي، عن يزيد بن هرمز، قال كتب نجدة الى ابن عباس . فذكر بعض الحديث ولم يتم القصة كاتمام من ذكرنا حديثهم

It has been narrated on the authority of Umm 'Atiyya, the Ansarite, who said:I took part with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) in seven battles. I would stay behind in the camp of men, cook their food, treat the wounded and nurse the sick

حدثنا ابو بكر بن ابي شيبة، حدثنا عبد الرحيم بن سليمان، عن هشام، عن حفصة، بنت سيرين عن ام عطية الانصارية، قالت غزوت مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم سبع غزوات اخلفهم في رحالهم فاصنع لهم الطعام واداوي الجرحى واقوم على المرضى

A similar tradition has been narrated on the authority of Hisham b. Hassan through a different chain of transmitters

وحدثنا عمرو الناقد، حدثنا يزيد بن هارون، حدثنا هشام بن حسان، بهذا الاسناد نحوه

It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Ishaq that 'Abdullah b. Yazid went (out of the city) with people for offering" Istisqa" ' prayer (for rainfall). He offered two rak'ahs. Then he prayed for rain. That day I met Zaid b. Arqam. There was only one man between me and him (at that time). I asked him:How many military expeditions did the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) undertake? He said: Nineteen expeditions. I asked him: On how many expeditions did you accompany him? He said: On seventeen expeditions. I asked: Which was the first expedition he led? He answered: Dhat-ul-, Usair or 'Ushair

حدثنا محمد بن المثنى، وابن، بشار - واللفظ لابن المثنى - قالا حدثنا محمد، بن جعفر حدثنا شعبة، عن ابي اسحاق، ان عبد الله بن يزيد، خرج يستسقي بالناس فصلى ركعتين ثم استسقى قال فلقيت يوميذ زيد بن ارقم - وقال - ليس بيني وبينه غير رجل او بيني وبينه رجل - قال - فقلت له كم غزا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال تسع عشرة فقلت كم غزوت انت معه قال سبع عشرة غزوة - قال - فقلت فما اول غزوة غزاها قال ذات العسير او العشير

It has been narrated on the authority of Zaid b. Arqam that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) fought nineteen battles and after the Migration performed only one Pilgrimage called Hajjat-ul-Wada

وحدثنا ابو بكر بن ابي شيبة، حدثنا يحيى بن ادم، حدثنا زهير، عن ابي اسحاق، عن زيد بن ارقم، سمعه منه، ان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم غزا تسع عشرة غزوة وحج بعد ما هاجر حجة لم يحج غيرها حجة الوداع

It has been reported on the authority of Abu Zubair who heard Jabir b. `Abdullah say:I fought in the company of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) nineteen battles. Jabir said: I did not participate in the Battle of Badr and the Battle of Uhud. My father prevented me (from participating in these battles as my age was tender). After `Abdullah (my father) was killed on the Day of Uhud, I never lagged behind the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and joined every battle (he fought)

حدثنا زهير بن حرب، حدثنا روح بن عبادة، حدثنا زكرياء، اخبرنا ابو الزبير، انه سمع جابر بن عبد الله، يقول غزوت مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم تسع عشرة غزوة - قال جابر - لم اشهد بدرا ولا احدا منعني ابي فلما قتل عبد الله يوم احد لم اتخلف عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في غزوة قط

It has been narrated on the authority of Buraida (who heard the tradition from his father) that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) conducted nineteen military campaigns and he (actually) fought in eight of them

وحدثنا ابو بكر بن ابي شيبة، حدثنا زيد بن الحباب، ح وحدثنا سعيد بن محمد، الجرمي حدثنا ابو تميلة، قالا جميعا حدثنا حسين بن واقد، عن عبد الله بن بريدة، عن ابيه، . قال غزا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم تسع عشرة غزوة قاتل في ثمان منهن . ولم يقل ابو بكر منهن . وقال في حديثه حدثني عبد الله بن بريدة

It has been narrated by Buraida who heard it from his father that he joined the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) in sixteen military campaigns

وحدثني احمد بن حنبل، حدثنا معتمر بن سليمان، عن كهمس، عن ابن بريدة، عن ابيه، انه قال غزا مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ست عشرة غزوة

It has been narrated on the authority of Salama who said:I joined seven military expeditions led by the Messenger of Allah himself (ﷺ), and nine expeditions which he sent out once under Abu Bakr and once under Usama b. Zaid

حدثنا محمد بن عباد، حدثنا حاتم، - يعني ابن اسماعيل - عن يزيد، - وهو ابن ابي عبيد قال سمعت سلمة، يقول غزوت مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم سبع غزوات وخرجت فيما يبعث من البعوث تسع غزوات مرة علينا ابو بكر ومرة علينا اسامة بن زيد

The (foregoing) tradition has also been narrated on the authority of Hatim through the same chain of transmitters with the difference that according to this version both these types of expeditions were seven in number

وحدثنا قتيبة بن سعيد، حدثنا حاتم، بهذا الاسناد . غير انه قال في كلتيهما سبع غزوات

It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Musa (Ash'ari) who said:We set out on an expedition with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). We were six in number and had (with us) only one camel which we rode turn by turn Our feet were injured. My feet were so badly injured that my nails dropped off. We covered our feet with rags. so this expedition was called Dhat-ur-Riqa' (i. e. the expedition of rags) because we bandaged our feet with rags (on that day). Abu Burda said: Abu Musa narrated this tradition, and then disliked repeating it as he did not want to give any publicity to what he did in a noble cause Abu Usama said: Narrators other than Abu Buraida have added to the version of the words:" God will reward it

حدثنا ابو عامر عبد الله بن براد الاشعري، ومحمد بن العلاء الهمداني، - واللفظ لابي عامر - قالا حدثنا ابو اسامة، عن بريد بن ابي بردة، عن ابي بردة، عن ابي موسى، قال خرجنا مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في غزاة ونحن ستة نفر بيننا بعير نعتقبه - قال - فنقبت اقدامنا فنقبت قدماى وسقطت اظفاري فكنا نلف على ارجلنا الخرق فسميت غزوة ذات الرقاع لما كنا نعصب على ارجلنا من الخرق . قال ابو بردة فحدث ابو موسى بهذا الحديث ثم كره ذلك . قال كانه كره ان يكون شييا من عمله افشاه . قال ابو اسامة وزادني غير بريد والله يجزي به

It has been narrated on the authority of A'isha, wife of the Prophet (ﷺ), who said:The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) set out for Badr. When he reached Harrat-ul-Wabara (a place four miles from Medina) a man met him who was known for his valour and courage. The Companions of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) were pleased to see him. He said: I have come so that I may follow you and get a share from the booty. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said to him: Do you believe in Allah and His Apostle? He said: No. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: Go back, I will not seek help from a Mushrik (polytheist). He went on until we reached Shajara, where the man met him again. He asked him the same question again and the man gave him the same answer. He said: Go back. Im will not seek help from a Mushrik. The man returned and overtook him at Baida'? He asked him as he had asked previously: Do you believe in Allah and His Apostle? The man said: Yes. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said to him: Then come along with us

حدثني زهير بن حرب، حدثنا عبد الرحمن بن مهدي، عن مالك، ح وحدثنيه ابو الطاهر - واللفظ له - حدثني عبد الله بن وهب، عن مالك بن انس، عن الفضيل بن ابي، عبد الله عن عبد الله بن نيار الاسلمي، عن عروة بن الزبير، عن عايشة، زوج النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم انها قالت خرج رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قبل بدر فلما كان بحرة الوبرة ادركه رجل قد كان يذكر منه جراة ونجدة ففرح اصحاب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم حين راوه فلما ادركه قال لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم جيت لاتبعك واصيب معك قال له رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم " تومن بالله ورسوله " . قال لا قال " فارجع فلن استعين بمشرك " . قالت ثم مضى حتى اذا كنا بالشجرة ادركه الرجل فقال له كما قال اول مرة فقال له النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم كما قال اول مرة قال " فارجع فلن استعين بمشرك " . قال ثم رجع فادركه بالبيداء فقال له كما قال اول مرة " تومن بالله ورسوله " . قال نعم . فقال له رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم " فانطلق