Muwatta Imam Malik — Setting Free and Wala'

Malik related to me that he had heard that Said ibn al-Musayyab was asked who had the wala' of the children whom a slave had by a free woman. Said said, "If their father dies and he is a slave who was not set free, their wala' belongs to the mawali of their mother." Malik said, "That is like the child of a woman who is a mawla who has been divorced by lian; the child is attached to the mawali of his mother and they are his mawali. If he dies, they inherit from him. If he commits a crime, they pay the blood-money for him. If his father acknowledges him, he is given a kinship to him and his wala' goes to the mawali of his father. They are his heirs, they pay his blood-money and his father is punished with the hadd-punishment." Malik said, "It is like that with a free-born woman divorced by lian. If her husband who curses her by lian does not acknowledge her child, the child is dealt with in the same way except that the rest of his inheritance after the inheritance of his mother and his brothers from his mother goes to all the muslims as long as he was not given kinship to his father. The child of the lian is attached to the patronage of the mawali of his mother until his father acknowledges him because he does not have a lineage or paternal relations. If his lineage is confirmed, it goes to his paternal relations." Malik said, "The generally agreed-on way of doing things among us about a child of a slave by a free woman, while the father of the slave is free, is that the grandfather (the father of the slave), attracts the wala' of his son's free children by a free woman. They leave their inheritance to him as long as their father is a slave. If the father becomes free, the wala' returns to his mawali. If he dies and he is still a slave, the inheritance and the wala' go to the grandfather. If the slave has two free sons, and one of them dies while the father is still a slave, the grandfather, the father of the father, attracts the wala' and the inheritance." Malik spoke about a slave-girl who was set free while she was pregnant and her husband was a slave and then her husband became free before she gave birth, or after she gave birth. He said, "The wala' of what is in her womb goes to the person who set the mother free because slavery touched the child before the mother was set free. It is not treated in the same way as a child conceived by its mother after she has been set free because the wala' of such a child, is attracted by the father when he is set free." Malik said that if a slave asked his master's permission to free a slave of his and his master gave permission, the wala' of the freed slave went to the master of his master, and his wala' did not return to the master who had set him free, even if he were to become free himself

وحدثني مالك، انه بلغه ان سعيد بن المسيب، سيل عن عبد له، ولد من امراة حرة لمن ولاوهم فقال سعيد ان مات ابوهم وهو عبد لم يعتق فولاوهم لموالي امهم . قال مالك ومثل ذلك ولد الملاعنة من الموالي ينسب الى موالي امه فيكونون هم مواليه ان مات ورثوه وان جر جريرة عقلوا عنه فان اعترف به ابوه الحق به وصار ولاوه الى موالي ابيه وكان ميراثه لهم وعقله عليهم ويجلد ابوه الحد . قال مالك وكذلك المراة الملاعنة من العرب اذا اعترف زوجها الذي لاعنها بولدها صار بمثل هذه المنزلة الا ان بقية ميراثه بعد ميراث امه واخوته لامه لعامة المسلمين ما لم يلحق بابيه وانما ورث ولد الملاعنة الموالاة موالي امه قبل ان يعترف به ابوه لانه لم يكن له نسب ولا عصبة فلما ثبت نسبه صار الى عصبته . قال مالك الامر المجتمع عليه عندنا في ولد العبد من امراة حرة وابو العبد حر ان الجد ابا العبد يجر ولاء ولد ابنه الاحرار من امراة حرة يرثهم ما دام ابوهم عبدا فان عتق ابوهم رجع الولاء الى مواليه وان مات وهو عبد كان الميراث والولاء للجد وان العبد كان له ابنان حران فمات احدهما وابوه عبد جر الجد ابو الاب الولاء والميراث . قال مالك في الامة تعتق وهي حامل وزوجها مملوك ثم يعتق زوجها قبل ان تضع حملها او بعد ما تضع ان ولاء ما كان في بطنها للذي اعتق امه لان ذلك الولد قد كان اصابه الرق قبل ان تعتق امه وليس هو بمنزلة الذي تحمل به امه بعد العتاقة لان الذي تحمل به امه بعد العتاقة اذا اعتق ابوه جر ولاءه . قال مالك في العبد يستاذن سيده ان يعتق عبدا له فياذن له سيده ان ولاء العبد المعتق

Malik related to me from Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr ibn Muhammad ibn Amr ibn Hazm from Abd al-Malik ibn Abi Bakr ibn Abd ar-Rahman ibn al- Harith ibn Hisham that his father told him that al-Asi ibn Hisham had died and left three sons, two by one wife and one by another wife. One of the two with the same mother died and left property and mawali. His full brother inherited his property and the wala' of his mawali. Then he also died, and left as heirs his son and his paternal half brother. His son said, "I obtain what my father inherited of property and the wala' of the mawali." His brother said, "It is not like that. You obtain the property. As for the wala' of the mawali, it is not so. Do you think that had it been my first brother who died today, I would not have inherited from him?" They argued and went to Uthman ibn Affan. He gave a judgement that the brother had the wala' of the mawali

حدثني مالك، عن عبد الله بن ابي بكر بن محمد بن عمرو بن حزم، عن عبد الملك بن ابي بكر بن عبد الرحمن بن الحارث بن هشام، عن ابيه، انه اخبره ان العاصي بن هشام هلك وترك بنين له ثلاثة اثنان لام ورجل لعلة فهلك احد اللذين لام وترك مالا وموالي فورثه اخوه لابيه وامه ماله وولاءه مواليه ثم هلك الذي ورث المال وولاء الموالي وترك ابنه واخاه لابيه فقال ابنه قد احرزت ما كان ابي احرز من المال وولاء الموالي وقال اخوه ليس كذلك انما احرزت المال واما ولاء الموالي فلا ارايت لو هلك اخي اليوم الست ارثه انا فاختصما الى عثمان بن عفان فقضى لاخيه بولاء الموالي

Malik related to me from Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr ibn Hazm that his father told him that he was sitting with Aban ibn Uthman, and an argument was brought to him between some people from the Juhayna tribe and some people from the Banu al-Harith ibn al-Khazraj. A woman of the Juhayna tribe was married to a man from the Banu al-Harith ibn al- Khazraj, called Ibrahim ibn Kulayb. She died and left property and mawali, and her son and husband inherited them from her. Then her son died and his heirs said, "We have the wala' of the mawali. Her son obtained them." Those of the Juhayna said, "It is not like that. They are the mawali of our female associate. When her child died, we have their wala' and we inherit them." Aban ibn Uthman gave a judgement that the people from the Juhayna tribe did indeed have the wala' of the mawali

وحدثني مالك، عن عبد الله بن ابي بكر بن حزم، انه اخبره ابوه، انه كان جالسا عند ابان بن عثمان فاختصم اليه نفر من جهينة ونفر من بني الحارث بن الخزرج وكانت امراة من جهينة عند رجل من بني الحارث بن الخزرج يقال له ابراهيم بن كليب فماتت المراة وتركت مالا وموالي فورثها ابنها وزوجها ثم مات ابنها فقال ورثته لنا ولاء الموالي قد كان ابنها احرزه فقال الجهنيون ليس كذلك انما هم موالي صاحبتنا فاذا مات ولدها فلنا ولاوهم ونحن نرثهم فقضى ابان بن عثمان للجهنيين بولاء الموالي

Malik related to me that he had heard that Said ibn al-Musayyab spoke about a man who died and left three sons and left mawali whom he had freed. Then two of his sons died and left children. He said, "The third remaining son inherits the mawali. When he dies, his children and the children of his brothers share equally in the wala' of the mawali

وحدثني مالك، انه بلغه ان سعيد بن المسيب، قال في رجل هلك وترك بنين له ثلاثة وترك موالي اعتقهم هو عتاقة ثم ان الرجلين من بنيه هلكا وتركا اولادا . فقال سعيد بن المسيب يرث الموالي الباقي من الثلاثة فاذا هلك هو فولده وولد اخوته في ولاء الموالي شرع سواء

Malik related to me that he had asked Ibn Shihab about a slave who was released. He said, "He gives his wala' to whomever he likes. If he dies and has not given his wala' to anyone, his inheritance goes to the muslims and his blood-money is paid by them." Malik said, "The best of what has been heard about a slave who is released is that no one gets his wala', and his inheritance goes to the muslims, and they pay his blood-money." Malik said that when the slave of a jew or christian became muslim and he was freed before being sold, the wala' of the freed slave went to the muslims. If the jew or christian became muslim afterwards, the wala' did not revert to him. " He said, "However, if a jew or christian frees a slave from their own deen, and then the freed one becomes muslim before the jew or christian who freed him becomes muslim and then the one who freed him has become muslim, his wala' reverts to him because the wala' was confirmed for him on the day he freed him." Malik said that the muslim child of a jew or christian inherited the mawali of his jewish or christian father when the freed mawla became muslim before the one who freed him became muslim. If the freed one was already muslim when he was freed, the muslim children of the christian or jew had nothing of the wala' of a muslim slave because the jew and the christian did not have the wala'. The wala' of a muslim slave went to the community of muslims

وحدثني مالك، انه سال ابن شهاب عن السايبة، قال يوالي من شاء فان مات ولم يوال احدا فميراثه للمسلمين وعقله عليهم . قال مالك ان احسن ما سمع في السايبة انه لا يوالي احدا وان ميراثه للمسلمين وعقله عليهم . قال مالك في اليهودي والنصراني يسلم عبد احدهما فيعتقه قبل ان يباع عليه ان ولاء العبد المعتق للمسلمين وان اسلم اليهودي او النصراني بعد ذلك لم يرجع اليه الولاء ابدا . قال ولكن اذا اعتق اليهودي او النصراني عبدا على دينهما ثم اسلم المعتق قبل ان يسلم اليهودي او النصراني الذي اعتقه ثم اسلم الذي اعتقه رجع اليه الولاء لانه قد كان ثبت له الولاء يوم اعتقه . قال مالك وان كان لليهودي او النصراني ولد مسلم ورث موالي ابيه اليهودي او النصراني اذا اسلم المولى المعتق قبل ان يسلم الذي اعتقه وان كان المعتق حين اعتق مسلما لم يكن لولد النصراني او اليهودي المسلمين من ولاء العبد المسلم شىء لانه ليس لليهودي ولا للنصراني ولاء فولاء العبد المسلم لجماعة المسلمين