Muwatta Imam Malik — Marriage

Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu'z-Zinad from al-Araj from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said "One cannot be married to a woman and her paternal aunt, or a woman and her maternal aunt at the same time

وحدثني يحيى، عن مالك، عن ابي الزناد، عن الاعرج، عن ابي هريرة، ان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال " لا يجمع بين المراة وعمتها ولا بين المراة وخالتها

Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said that Said ibn al-Musayyab said, "It is forbidden to be married to a woman and her paternal or maternal aunt at the same time, and for a man to have intercourse with a female slave who is carrying another man's child

وحدثني عن مالك، عن يحيى بن سعيد، عن سعيد بن المسيب، انه كان يقول ينهى ان تنكح المراة على عمتها او على خالتها وان يطا الرجل وليدة وفي بطنها جنين لغيره

Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said that Zayd ibn Thabit asked whether it was halal for a man who married a woman and then separated from her before he had cohabited with her, to marry her mother. Zayd ibn Thabit said, "No. The mother is prohibited unconditionally. There are conditions, however about foster-mothers

وحدثني يحيى، عن مالك، عن يحيى بن سعيد، انه قال سيل زيد بن ثابت عن رجل، تزوج امراة ثم فارقها قبل ان يصيبها هل تحل له امها فقال زيد بن ثابت لا الام مبهمة ليس فيها شرط وانما الشرط في الربايب

Yahya related to me from Malik from more than one source that when Abdullah ibn Masud was in Kufa, he was asked for an opinion about marrying the mother after marrying the daughter when the marriage with the daughter had not been consummated. He permitted it. When Ibn Masud came to Madina, he asked about it and was told that it was not as he had said, and that this condition referred to foster-mothers. Ibn Masud returnedto Kufa,and he had just reached his dwelling when the man who had asked him for the opinion came to visit and he ordered him to separate from his wife. Malik said that if a man married the mother of a woman who was his wife and he had sexual relations with the mother then his wife was haram for him, and he had to separate from both of them. They were both haram to him forever, if he had had sexual relations with the mother. If he had not had relations with the mcther, his wife was not haram for him, and he separated from the mother. Malik explained further about the man who married a woman, and then married her mother and cohabited with her, "The mother will never be halal for him, and she is not halal for his father or his son, and any daughters of hers are not halal for him and so his wife is haram for him." Malik said, "Fornication however, does not make any of that haram because Allah, the Blessed, the Exalted, mentioned 'the mothers of your wives,' as one whom marriage made haram, and he didn't mention the making haram by fornication. Every marriage in a halal manner in which a man cohabits with his wife, is a halal marriage. This is what I have heard, and this is how things are done among us

وحدثني عن مالك، عن غير، واحد، ان عبد الله بن مسعود، استفتي وهو بالكوفة عن نكاح الام، بعد الابنة اذا لم تكن الابنة مست فارخص في ذلك ثم ان ابن مسعود قدم المدينة فسال عن ذلك فاخبر انه ليس كما قال وانما الشرط في الربايب فرجع ابن مسعود الى الكوفة فلم يصل الى منزله حتى اتى الرجل الذي افتاه بذلك فامره ان يفارق امراته . قال مالك في الرجل تكون تحته المراة ثم ينكح امها فيصيبها انها تحرم عليه امراته ويفارقهما جميعا ويحرمان عليه ابدا اذا كان قد اصاب الام فان لم يصب الام لم تحرم عليه امراته وفارق الام . وقال مالك في الرجل يتزوج المراة ثم ينكح امها فيصيبها انه لا تحل له امها ابدا ولا تحل لابيه ولا لابنه ولا تحل له ابنتها وتحرم عليه امراته . قال مالك فاما الزنا فانه لا يحرم شييا من ذلك لان الله تبارك وتعالى قال {وامهات نسايكم} فانما حرم ما كان تزويجا ولم يذكر تحريم الزنا فكل تزويج كان على وجه الحلال يصيب صاحبه امراته فهو بمنزلة التزويج الحلال فهذا الذي سمعت والذي عليه امر الناس عندنا

Malik said that a man who had committed fornication with a woman and the hadd-punishment had been applied to him for it, could marry that woman's daughter and his son could marry the woman herself if he wished. That was because he had haram relations with her, and the relations Allah had made haram were from the relations made in a halal manner or in a manner resembling marriage. Allah, the Blessed, the Exalted, said, "Do not marry the women your fathers have married. " (Sura 4 ayat 21) Malik said, "If a man were to marry a woman in her idda-period in a halal marriage and have relations with her, it would be haram for his son to marry the woman. That is because the father married her in a halal manner, and the hadd-punishment would not have been applied to him. Any child who was born to him would be attached to him as the father. Just as it would be haram for the son to marry a woman whom his father had married in her idda-period and had relations with, so the woman's daughter would be haram for the father if he had had sexual relations with her." Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi from Abdullah ibn Umar that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, forbade shighar, which meant one man giving his daughter in marriage to another man on the condition that the other gave his daughter to him in marriage without either of them paying the bride-price

حدثني يحيى، عن مالك، عن نافع، عن عبد الله بن عمر، ان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم نهى عن الشغار والشغار ان يزوج الرجل ابنته على ان يزوجه الاخر ابنته ليس بينهما صداق

Yahya related to me from Malik from Abd ar-Rahman ibn al-Qasim from his father from Abd ar-Rahman and Mujamma the sons of Yazid ibn Jariya al-Ansari from Khansa bint Khidam al-Ansariya that her father gave her in marriage and she had been previously married. She disapproved of that, and went to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and he revoked the marriage

وحدثني عن مالك، عن عبد الرحمن بن القاسم، عن ابيه، عن عبد الرحمن، ومجمع، ابنى يزيد بن جارية الانصاري عن خنساء بنت خدام الانصارية، ان اباها، زوجها وهي ثيب فكرهت ذلك فاتت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فرد نكاحه

Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu'z-Zubayr al-Makki that a case was brought to Umar about a marriage which had only been witnessed by one man and one woman . He said, "This is a secret marriage and I do not permit it. Had I been the first to come upon it, I would have ordered them to be stoned

وحدثني عن مالك، عن ابي الزبير المكي، ان عمر بن الخطاب، اتي بنكاح لم يشهد عليه الا رجل وامراة فقال هذا نكاح السر ولا اجيزه ولو كنت تقدمت فيه لرجمت

Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from Said ibn al- Musayyab and from Sulayman ibn Yasar that Tulayha al-Asadiya was the wife of Rushayd ath-Thaqafi. He divorced her, and she got married in her idda-period. Umar ibn al-Khattab beat her and her husband with a stick several times, and separated them. Then Umar ibn al-Khattab said, "If a woman marries in her idda-period, and the new husband has not consummated the marriage, then separate them, and when she has completed the idda of her first husband, the other becomes a suitor. If he has consummated the marriage then separate them. Then she must complete her idda from her first husband, and then the idda from the other one, and they are never to be reunited." Malik added, ''Said ibn al-Musayyab said that she had her dowry because he had consummated the marriage." Malik said,"The practice with us concerning a free woman whose husband dies, is that she does an idda of four months and ten days and she does not marry if she doubts her period until she is free of any doubt or if she fears that she is pregnant

وحدثني عن مالك، عن ابن شهاب، عن سعيد بن المسيب، وعن سليمان بن يسار، ان طليحة الاسدية، كانت تحت رشيد الثقفي فطلقها فنكحت في عدتها فضربها عمر بن الخطاب وضرب زوجها بالمخفقة ضربات وفرق بينهما ثم قال عمر بن الخطاب ايما امراة نكحت في عدتها فان كان زوجها الذي تزوجها لم يدخل بها فرق بينهما ثم اعتدت بقية عدتها من زوجها الاول ثم كان الاخر خاطبا من الخطاب وان كان دخل بها فرق بينهما ثم اعتدت بقية عدتها من الاول ثم اعتدت من الاخر ثم لا يجتمعان ابدا . قال

Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Abdullah ibn Abbas and Abdullah ibn Umar were asked about a man who had a free woman as a wife and then wanted to marry a slave-girl. They disapproved that he should combine the two of them

حدثني يحيى، عن مالك، انه بلغه ان عبد الله بن عباس، وعبد الله بن عمر، سيلا عن رجل، كانت تحته امراة حرة فاراد ان ينكح عليها امة فكرها ان يجمع بينهما

Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said that Said ibn al-Musayyab said, "The slave girl is not married when there is a free woman who is a wife unless the free woman wishes it. If the free woman complies, she has two-thirds of the division of time." Malik said, "A free man must not marry a slave-girl when he can afford to marry a free-woman, and he should not marry a slave-girl when he cannot afford a free woman unless he fears fornication. That is because Allah, may he be Blessed and Exalted, says in His Book, 'If you are not affluent enough to marry believing women, who are muhsanat, take slave-girls who are believing women that your right hands own.' (Sura 4 ayat 24) He says, 'That is for those of you who fear al-anat.' " Malik said, "Al-anat is fornication

وحدثني عن مالك، عن يحيى بن سعيد، عن سعيد بن المسيب، انه كان يقول لا تنكح الامة على الحرة الا ان تشاء الحرة فان طاعت الحرة فلها الثلثان من القسم . قال مالك ولا ينبغي لحر ان يتزوج امة وهو يجد طولا لحرة ولا يتزوج امة اذا لم يجد طولا لحرة الا ان يخشى العنت وذلك ان الله تبارك وتعالى قال في كتابه {ومن لم يستطع منكم طولا ان ينكح المحصنات المومنات فمما ملكت ايمانكم من فتياتكم المومنات} وقال {ذلك لمن خشي العنت منكم} قال مالك والعنت هو الزنا

Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from Abu Abd ar- Rahman that Zayd ibn Thabit said that if a man divorced his slave-girl three times and then bought her, she was not halal for him until she had married another husband

حدثني يحيى، عن مالك، عن ابن شهاب، عن ابي عبد الرحمن، عن زيد بن ثابت، انه كان يقول في الرجل يطلق الامة ثلاثا ثم يشتريها انها لا تحل له حتى تنكح زوجا غيره

Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Said ibn al-Musayyab and Sulayman ibn Yasar were asked whether, when a man married a slave of his to a slave-girl and the slave divorced her irrevocably, and then her master gave her to the slave, she was then halal for the slave by the possession of the right hand. They said, "No. She is not halal until she has married another husband

وحدثني عن مالك، انه بلغه ان سعيد بن المسيب، وسليمان بن يسار، سيلا عن رجل، زوج عبدا له جارية فطلقها العبد البتة ثم وهبها سيدها له هل تحل له بملك اليمين فقالا لا تحل له حتى تنكح زوجا غيره

Yahya related to me from Malik that he had asked Ibn Shihab about a man who had a slave-girl as a wife, and then he bought her, and divorced her once. He said, "She is halal for him by the possession of the right hand as long as he does not make his divorce irrevocable. If he irrevocably divorces her, she is not halal for him by the possession of the right hand until she has married another husband." Malik said that if a man rnarried a female slave and then she had a child by him, and then he bought her, she was not an umm walad for him because of the child born to him while she belonged to another, until she had had a child by him while she was in his possession after he had purchased her. Malik said, "If he buys her and she is pregnant by him and she then gives birth while she belongs to him, she is his umm walad by that pregnancy, according to what we think, and Allah knows best

وحدثني عن مالك، انه سال ابن شهاب عن رجل، كانت تحته امة مملوكة فاشتراها وقد كان طلقها واحدة فقال تحل له بملك يمينه ما لم يبت طلاقها فان بت طلاقها فلا تحل له بملك يمينه حتى تنكح زوجا غيره . قال مالك في الرجل ينكح الامة فتلد منه ثم يبتاعها انها لا تكون ام ولد له بذلك الولد الذي ولدت منه وهي لغيره حتى تلد منه وهي في ملكه بعد ابتياعه اياها . قال مالك وان اشتراها وهي حامل منه ثم وضعت عنده كانت ام ولده بذلك الحمل فيما نرى والله اعلم

Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from Ubaydullah ibn Abdullah ibn Utba ibn Masud from his father that Umar ibn al- Khattab was asked about a woman and her daughter who were in the possession of the right hand, and whether one could have intercourse with one of them after the other Umar said, "I dislike both being permitted together." He then forbade that

حدثني يحيى، عن مالك، عن ابن شهاب، عن عبيد الله بن عبد الله بن عتبة بن مسعود، عن ابيه، ان عمر بن الخطاب، سيل عن المراة، وابنتها، من ملك اليمين توطا احداهما بعد الاخرى فقال عمر ما احب ان اخبرهما جميعا . ونهى عن ذلك

Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from Qabisa ibn Dhu'ayb that a man asked Uthman ibn Affan whether one could have intercourse with two sisters who one owned. Uthman said, "One ayat makes them halal, and one ayat makes them haram. As for me, I wouldn't like to do it." The man left him and met one of the companions of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and asked him about it, and he said, "Had I any authority and I found someone who had done it, I would punish him as an example." Ibn Shihab added, "I think that it was Ali ibn Abi Talib

وحدثني عن مالك، عن ابن شهاب، عن قبيصة بن ذويب، ان رجلا، سال عثمان بن عفان عن الاختين، من ملك اليمين هل يجمع بينهما فقال عثمان احلتهما اية وحرمتهما اية فاما انا فلا احب ان اصنع ذلك . قال فخرج من عنده فلقي رجلا من اصحاب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فساله عن ذلك فقال لو كان لي من الامر شىء ثم وجدت احدا فعل ذلك لجعلته نكالا . قال ابن شهاب اراه علي بن ابي طالب

Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that az-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam said the like of that. Malik said that if a man had sexual relations with a female slave that he owned, and then he wanted to also have relations with her sister, the sister was not halal for a man until intercourse with the slave-girl had been made haram for him by marriage, setting free, kitaba, or the like of that - for instance, if he had married her to his slave or someone other than his slave

وحدثني عن مالك، انه بلغه عن الزبير بن العوام، مثل ذلك . قال مالك في الامة تكون عند الرجل فيصيبها ثم يريد ان يصيب اختها انها لا تحل له حتى يحرم عليه فرج اختها بنكاح او عتاقة او كتابة او ما اشبه ذلك يزوجها عبده او غير عبده

Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Umar ibn al-Khattab gave his son a slave-girl and said, "Do not touch her, for I have uncovered her

حدثني يحيى، عن مالك، انه بلغه ان عمر بن الخطاب، وهب لابنه جارية فقال لا تمسها فاني قد كشفتها

Yahya related to me from Malik that Abd arRahman ibn al-Mujabbir said that Salim ibn Abdullah gave his son a slave-girl and said, "Do not go near her, for I wanted her, and did not act towards her

وحدثني عن مالك، عن عبد الرحمن بن المجبر، انه قال وهب سالم بن عبد الله لابنه جارية قال لا تقربها فاني قد اردتها فلم انشط اليها

Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said that Abu Nahshal ibn al-Aswad said to al-Qasim ibn Muhammad,"I saw a slave-girl of mine uncovered in the moonlight, and so I sat on her as a man sits on a woman. She said that she was menstruating, so I stood up and have not gone near her after that. Can I give her to my son to have intercourse with?" Al-Qasim forbade that

وحدثني عن مالك، عن يحيى بن سعيد، ان ابا نهشل بن الاسود، قال للقاسم بن محمد اني رايت جارية لي منكشفا عنها وهي في القمر فجلست منها مجلس الرجل من امراته فقالت اني حايض فقمت فلم اقربها بعد افاهبها لابني يطوها فنهاه القاسم عن ذلك

Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibrahim ibn Abi Abla from Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan that he gave a slave-girl to a friend of his, and later asked him about her. He said, "I intended to give her to my son to do such-and-such with her." Abd al-Malik said, "Marwan was more scrupulous than you. He gave a slave-girl to his son, and then he said, 'Do not go near her, for I have seen her leg uncovered

وحدثني عن مالك، عن ابراهيم بن ابي عبلة، عن عبد الملك بن مروان، انه وهب لصاحب له جارية ثم ساله عنها فقال قد هممت ان اهبها لابني فيفعل بها كذا وكذا . فقال عبد الملك لمروان كان اورع منك وهب لابنه جارية ثم قال لا تقربها فاني قد رايت ساقها منكشفة