Muwatta Imam Malik — Zakat

Yahya related to me from Malik from Zayd ibn Aslam from his father that he said to Umar ibn al-Khattab, "There is a blind she- camel behind the house,'' soUmar said, "Hand it over to a household so that they can make (some) use of it." He said, "But she is blind." Umar replied, "Then put it in a line with other camels." He said, "How will it be able to eat from the ground?" Umar asked, "Is it from the livestock of the jizya or the zakat?" and Aslam replied, "From the livestock of the jizya." Umar said, "By AIIah, you wish to eat it." Aslam said, "It has the brand of the jizya on it." So Umar ordered it to be slaughtered. He had nine platters, and on each of the platters he put some of every fruit and delicacy that there was and then sent them to the wives of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and the one he sent to his daughter Hafsa was the last of them all, and if there was any deficiency in any of them it was in Hafsa's portion. "He put meat from the slaughtered animal on the platters and sent them to the wives of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and he ordered what was left of the meat of the slaughtered animal to be prepared. Then he invited the Muhajirun and the Ansar to eat it." Malik said, "I do not think that livestock should be taken from people who pay the jizya except as jizya

وحدثني عن مالك، عن زيد بن اسلم، عن ابيه، انه قال لعمر بن الخطاب ان في الظهر ناقة عمياء . فقال عمر ادفعها الى اهل بيت ينتفعون بها . قال فقلت وهي عمياء فقال عمر يقطرونها بالابل . قال فقلت كيف تاكل من الارض قال فقال عمر امن نعم الجزية هي ام من نعم الصدقة فقلت بل من نعم الجزية . فقال عمر اردتم - والله - اكلها . فقلت ان عليها وسم الجزية . فامر بها عمر فنحرت وكان عنده صحاف تسع فلا تكون فاكهة ولا طريفة الا جعل منها في تلك الصحاف فبعث بها الى ازواج النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ويكون الذي يبعث به الى حفصة ابنته من اخر ذلك فان كان فيه نقصان كان في حظ حفصة - قال - فجعل في تلك الصحاف من لحم تلك الجزور فبعث به الى ازواج النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وامر بما بقي من لحم تلك الجزور فصنع فدعا عليه المهاجرين والانصار . قال مالك لا ارى ان توخذ النعم من اهل الجزية الا في جزيتهم

Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz wrote to his governors telling them to relieve any people who payed the jizya from paying the jizya if they became muslims. Malik said, "The sunna is that there is no jizya due from women or children of people of the Book, and that jizya is only taken from men who have reached puberty. The people of dhimma and the magians do not have to pay any zakat on their palms or their vines or their crops or their livestock. This is because zakat is imposed on the muslims to purify them and to be given back to their poor, whereas jizya is imposed on the people of the Book to humble them. As long as they are in the country they have agreed to live in, they do not have to pay anything on their property except the jizya. If, however, they trade in muslim countries, coming and going in them, a tenth is taken from what they invest in such trade. This is because jizya is only imposed on them on conditions, which they have agreed on, namely that they will remain in their own countries, and that war will be waged for them on any enemy of theirs, and that if they then leave that land to go anywhere else to do business they will haveto pay a tenth. Whoever among them does business with the people of Egypt, and then goes to Syria, and then does business with the people of Syria and then goes to Iraq and does business with them and then goes on to Madina, or Yemen, or other similar places, has to pay a tenth. People of the Book and magians do not have to pay any zakat on any of their property, livestock, produce or crops. The sunna still continues like that. They remain in the deen they were in, and they continue to do what they used to do. If in any one year they frequently come and go in muslim countries then they have to pay a tenth every time they do so, since that is outside what they have agreed upon, and not one of the conditions stipulated for them. This is what I have seen the people of knowledge of our city doing

وحدثني عن مالك، انه بلغه ان عمر بن عبد العزيز، كتب الى عماله ان يضعوا الجزية عمن اسلم من اهل الجزية حين يسلمون . قال مالك مضت السنة ان لا جزية على نساء اهل الكتاب ولا على صبيانهم وان الجزية لا توخذ الا من الرجال الذين قد بلغوا الحلم وليس على اهل الذمة ولا على المجوس في نخيلهم ولا كرومهم ولا زروعهم ولا مواشيهم صدقة لان الصدقة انما وضعت على المسلمين تطهيرا لهم وردا على فقرايهم ووضعت الجزية على اهل الكتاب صغارا لهم فهم ما كانوا ببلدهم الذين صالحوا عليه ليس عليهم شىء سوى الجزية في شىء من اموالهم الا ان يتجروا في بلاد المسلمين ويختلفوا فيها فيوخذ منهم العشر فيما يديرون من التجارات وذلك انهم انما وضعت عليهم الجزية وصالحوا عليها على ان يقروا ببلادهم ويقاتل عنهم عدوهم فمن خرج منهم من بلاده الى غيرها يتجر اليها فعليه العشر من تجر منهم من اهل مصر الى الشام ومن اهل الشام الى العراق ومن اهل العراق الى المدينة او اليمن او ما اشبه هذا من البلاد فعليه العشر ولا صدقة على اهل الكتاب ولا المجوس في شىء من اموالهم ولا من مواشيهم ولا ثمارهم ولا زروعهم مضت بذلك السنة ويقرون على دينهم ويكونون على ما كانوا عليه وان اختلفوا في العام الواحد مرارا في بلاد المسلمين فعليهم كلما اختلفوا العشر لان ذلك ليس مما صالحوا عليه ولا مما شرط لهم وهذا الذي ادركت عليه اهل العلم ببلدنا

Yahya related to me from Ibn Shihab from Salim ibn Abdullah from his father that Umar ibn al-Khattab used to take a twentieth from the cereals and olive oil of the Nabatean christians, intending by that to increase the cargo to Madina. He would take a tenth from pulses

حدثني يحيى، عن مالك، عن ابن شهاب، عن سالم بن عبد الله، عن ابيه، ان عمر بن الخطاب، كان ياخذ من النبط من الحنطة والزيت نصف العشر يريد بذلك ان يكثر الحمل الى المدينة وياخذ من القطنية العشر

Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab that as-Sa'ib ibn Yazid said, "As a young man I used to work with Abdullah ibn Utba ibn Masud in the market of Madina in the time of Umar ibn al-Khattab and we used to take a tenth from the Nabateans

وحدثني عن مالك، عن ابن شهاب، عن السايب بن يزيد، انه قال كنت غلاما عاملا مع عبد الله بن عتبة بن مسعود على سوق المدينة في زمان عمر بن الخطاب فكنا ناخذ من النبط العشر

Yahya related to me from Malik that he had asked Ibn Shihab why Umar ibn al Khattab used to take a tenth from the Nabateans, and Ibn Shihab replied, "It used to be taken from them in the jahiliyya, and Umar imposed it on them

وحدثني عن مالك، انه سال ابن شهاب على اى وجه كان ياخذ عمر بن الخطاب من النبط العشر فقال ابن شهاب كان ذلك يوخذ منهم في الجاهلية فالزمهم ذلك عمر

Yahya related to me from Zayd ibn Aslam that his father said that he had heard Umar ibn al-Khattab say, "I once gave a noble horse to carry somebody in the way of Allah, and the man neglected it. I wished to buy it back from him and I thought that he would sell it cheaply. I asked the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, about it and he said, 'Do not buy it, even if he gives it to you for one dirham, for someone who takes back his sadaqa is like a dog swallowing its own vomit

حدثني يحيى، عن مالك، عن زيد بن اسلم، عن ابيه، انه قال سمعت عمر بن الخطاب، وهو يقول حملت على فرس عتيق في سبيل الله - وكان الرجل الذي هو عنده قد اضاعه - فاردت ان اشتريه منه وظننت انه بايعه برخص فسالت عن ذلك رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال " لا تشتره وان اعطاكه بدرهم واحد فان العايد في صدقته كالكلب يعود في قييه

Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi from Abdullah ibn Umar that Umar ibn al-Khattab gave a horse to carry some one in the way of Allah, and then he wished to buy it back. So he asked the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, about it, and he said, "Do not buy or take back your sadaqa

وحدثني عن مالك، عن نافع، عن عبد الله بن عمر، ان عمر بن الخطاب، حمل على فرس في سبيل الله فاراد ان يبتاعه فسال عن ذلك رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال " لا تبتعه ولا تعد في صدقتك

Yahya said that Malik was asked about whether a man who gave some sadaqa, and then found it being offered back to him for sale by some one other than the man to whom he had given it, could buy it or not, and he said, "I prefer that he leaves it." Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Abdullah ibn Umar used to pay the zakat al-fitr for those slaves of his that were at Wadi'l-Qura and Khaybar. Yahya related to me that Malik said, "The best that I have heard about the zakat al-fitr is that a man has to pay for every person that he is responsible for supporting and whom he must support. He has to pay forall his mukatabs, his mudabbars, and his ordinary slaves, whether they are present or absent, as long as they are muslim, and whether or not they are fortrade. However, he does not have to pay zakat on any of them that are not muslim." Malik said, concerning a runaway slave, "I think that his master should pay the zakat fo rhim whether or not he knows where he is, if it has not been long since the slave ran away and his master hopes that he is still alive and will return. If it has been a long time since he ran away and his master has despaired of him returning then I do not think that he should pay zakat for him.' Malik said, "The zakat al-fitr has to be paid by people living in the desert (i.e. nomadic people) just as it has to be paid by people living in villages (i.e. settled people), because the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, made the zakat al-fitr at the end of Ramadan obligatory on every muslim, whether freeman or slave, male or female

حدثني يحيى، عن مالك، عن نافع، ان عبد الله بن عمر، كان يخرج زكاة الفطر عن غلمانه الذين، بوادي القرى وبخيبر . وحدثني عن مالك، ان احسن، ما سمعت فيما، يجب على الرجل من زكاة الفطر ان الرجل يودي ذلك عن كل من يضمن نفقته ولا بد له من ان ينفق عليه والرجل يودي عن مكاتبه ومدبره ورقيقه كلهم غايبهم وشاهدهم من كان منهم مسلما ومن كان منهم لتجارة او لغير تجارة ومن لم يكن منهم مسلما فلا زكاة عليه فيه . قال مالك في العبد الابق ان سيده ان علم مكانه او لم يعلم وكانت غيبته قريبة فهو يرجو حياته ورجعته فاني ارى ان يزكي عنه وان كان اباقه قد طال وييس منه فلا ارى ان يزكي عنه . قال مالك تجب زكاة الفطر على اهل البادية كما تجب على اهل القرى وذلك ان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فرض زكاة الفطر من رمضان على الناس على كل حر او عبد ذكر او انثى من المسلمين

Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi from Abdullah ibn Umar that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, made the zakat of breaking the fast at the end of Ramadan obligatory on every muslim, whether freeman or slave, male or female, and stipulated it as a sa' of dates or a sa' of barley

حدثني يحيى، عن مالك، عن نافع، عن عبد الله بن عمر، ان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فرض زكاة الفطر من رمضان على الناس صاعا من تمر او صاعا من شعير على كل حر او عبد ذكر او انثى من المسلمين

Yahya related to me from Malik from Zayd ibn Aslam from lyad ibn Abdullah ibn Sad ibn Abi Sarh al-Amiri that he had heard Abu Said al- Khudri say, "We used to pay the zakat al-fitr with a sa of wheat, or a sa of barley, or a sa of dates, or a sa of dried sour milk, or a sa of raisins, using the sa of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace

وحدثني عن مالك، عن زيد بن اسلم، عن عياض بن عبد الله بن سعد بن ابي سرح العامري، انه سمع ابا سعيد الخدري، يقول كنا نخرج زكاة الفطر صاعا من طعام او صاعا من شعير او صاعا من تمر او صاعا من اقط او صاعا من زبيب وذلك بصاع النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم

Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Abdullah ibn Umar would always pay the zakat al-fitr in dates, except once, when he paid it in barley

وحدثني عن مالك، عن نافع، ان عبد الله بن عمر، كان لا يخرج في زكاة الفطر الا التمر الا مرة واحدة فانه اخرج شعيرا

Maliksaid, "Payment of all types of kaffara, of zakat al-fitr and of the zakat on grains for which a tenth or a twentieth is due, is made using the smaller mudd, which is the mudd of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, except in the case of dhihar divorce, when the kaffara is paid using the mudd of Hisham, which is the larger mudd." Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Abdullah ibn Umar used to send the zakat al-fitr to the one with whom it was collected together two or three days before the day of breaking the fast

حدثني يحيى، عن مالك، عن نافع، ان عبد الله بن عمر، كان يبعث بزكاة الفطر الى الذي تجمع عنده قبل الفطر بيومين او ثلاثة